1. 1 PENDEKATAN,METODE,TE KNIK e ISTILAH/LABEL YANG DALAM PEMBELAJARAN: 1.Pendekatan (Approach) 2.Metode (Methods) 3.Teknik (Techniques) 4.Prosedur (Prosedures) 5.Strategi (strategies) 6.Taktik (Tactics)

2. 2...a set of correlative assumptions dealing with the nature of language and the nature of language teaching and learning. It describes the nature of the subject matter to be taught. An appoach embodies theoretical principles governing language teaching and learning. An approach is axiomatic.... (Edward Antony, 1963 via Kumravadivelu: 86) PENDEKATAN

3. 3...those assumption, beliefs and theories obout the nature of language and the nature of language teaching and learning which operate as axiomatic constructs or referece points and provide a theoretical foundation for what language teachers ultimately do with learners in classrooms. (Richards & Rodgers: 1982 via Kumravadivelu: 86) PENDEKATAN

4. 4 METODE 1.…to refer to two different elements of LT: as proposed by theorist, and practiced by teachers 2.…to refer to established methods conceptualized constructed by experts in the field. Methodology to refer to what practcing teachers actually do in the classroom in order to achieve their stated or unstated teaching objectives.

5. 5 METODE 3. …an overoll plan for the orderly presentation of language material. …is procedural …implemented in the classroom (Edward Antony, 1963 via Kumravadivelu: 85) … a planned way of doing something. LMT…implies an orderly way of going samething

6. 6 Categories of LT Methods (1) Lang Centered Mtd -- concerned with linguistics form (2) Learner CM-- concerned with learner need, wants,and situations (3) Learning CM -- concerned with cognitive processes of lang learning See p 93

7. 7 Myths of Methods There are 5 myths of methods,see pp163—167. Cf design that includes of (1) content of instruction, (2) learner roles, (3) teacher roles, (4) instructional materials and their types and functions

8. 8 TEKNIK … a particular trick, strategem, or contrivance used to accomplish an immadiate objective … an implementation of the method in the classroom Cf procedure: refers to the actual moment-to- moment classroom activity. See p86.

9. 9 CATATAN 1. Hierarkhial m hubungan antara pendekatan, metode, dan teknik 2.Pendekatan: aksiomatik, teoretik, terkait dengan hakikat bahasa, belajar bahasa, pengajaran bahasa. 3.Metode: prosedural diimplentasi melalui teknik, mirip dgn desain 4.Teknik: operasional metode dalam kelas, mirip denganprosedur

10. 10 TERIMA KASIH