1. Urban Issues
Chapter 9

2. Definitions Cultural Diffusion Economic Base Megacity Urban Growth
Urbanization
Decentralization
Suburbanization
Counter-urbanization
Infrastructure
Over-urbanization
Fiscal squeeze
Squatter settlements
Threshold population
Primate city

3. People Shifting Why do people urbanize?
What would be reasons for people to move from the centre of cities to the suburbs?

4. POPULATION SHIFT
Two hundred years ago 5% of the world’s pop. (980 million) was urbanized.
Now 47% is urbanized.

6. Canada’s

7. Urbanization figures
Can anyone find a the problem with this figure of 47% urbanization?
Different countries have different criteria for recognizing an area as being urbanized.
Canada and Australia
population greater than 1000
Italy
Greater than 10,000
Japan
Greater than 50,000
Stats can’t be taken too seriously.

8. What is a Megacity?
A city that has a population over 8 million people.

9. Issues in Megacities
Come up with some of the major issues that megacities would face.
Crime
Sanitation
Housing
Over crowding
All forms of pollution
???
Squatter settlements

11. Shanghai

12. Mexico City

13. Sao Paulo Brazil

14. Rio de Janeiro

15. Jakarta

16. Cairo

17. Urban Problems Activity

20. Problems with Urbanization
In developing countries people flock to urban areas before any economic growth or infrastructure has been put in place, this leads to unpleasant conditions.
What are the problems of growing Urban areas?
Read page 32 and 33. Answer question 9 on 33

21. Quality of Life comparison
Life in Peru to life in Canada (old text)
How would you have answer Luis’ two questions?
If you were in Luis’ position, how would you feel about leaving your family behind, if you were able to go to North America?
Do you believe Luis’ has a moral obligation to remain with his family? Why?
What obligations do we as Canadians have to people in other parts of the world who are less fortunate than us?

22. Intro
Our exposure to information by mass media tells us of events, conditions and issues in places all over the world. It is nearly impossible to remain ignorant to the horrors of starvation and the living conditions of people around the world. If you have been able to travel to different places around the world you may have seen this first hand.
Within Canada we can see various lifestyles and issues that are facing others around the world.

23. Have vs. Have Nots What do we mean by these?
We know that most of the wealthy countries in the North and most of the poorer countries are in the South.
Why might this be?

24. What advantages might the North have over the South?
Housing
Stability
Technology
Information
Fewer critical Diseases

25. Poverty facts to ponder
The World Bank estimated that if rich nations gave $12.5 billion to the poorer nations for 10 years, all the people’s basic needs would be met.
Each year people in the rich nations spend approx $100 billion on alcohol.
Americans spend more on cosmetics per year than the budgets of all the African countries.
Half the world — nearly three billion people — live on less than two dollars a day.
The GDP (Gross Domestic Product) of the poorest 48 nations (i.e. a quarter of the world’s countries) is less than the wealth of the world’s three richest people combined.
Less than one per cent of what the world spent every year on weapons was needed to put every child into school by the year 2000 and yet it didn't happen.
20% of the population in the developed nations, consume 86% of the world’s goods.

26. Some 1.8 million child deaths each year as a result of diarrhea
“The lives of 1.7 million children will be needlessly lost this year [2000] because world governments have failed to reduce poverty levels”
Some 1.1 billion people in developing countries have inadequate access to water, and 2.6 billion lack basic sanitation.
Some 1.8 million child deaths each year as a result of diarrhea
Number of children in the world
2.2 billion
Number in poverty
1 billion (every second child)

27. Global Spending Global Priority $U.S. Billions
Cosmetics in the United States 8
Ice cream in Europe 11
Perfumes in Europe and the United States 12
Pet foods in Europe and the United States 17
Business entertainment in Japan 35
Cigarettes in Europe 50
Alcoholic drinks in Europe
105
Narcotics drugs in the world
400
Military spending in the world
780

28. Urban Issues in Developed Countries

29. Do activity on p.136 (new book) Economic Problems
Fiscal squeeze – not enough tax $ to pay for the services. Businesses moved from inner city to outer areas taking tax dollars. (This has meant roads, water, sewer, buildings deteriorate.) Governments have had to bail them out. P.135
Social problems
Poverty – 20% of urban dwellers live below poverty line.
Number of homeless has increased drastically since 1980’s because of welfare cutbacks.
Shortage of affordable housing.

30. Environmental- Increase in # of vehicles means increase in pollution.
We live in a “Throw away society”.
Perceived and planned obsolescence

31. Problems in Urban Areas in Developing Countries

32. Economic Problems
Low wage jobs – shoe shine, begging, selling souvenirs.
Leads to high prostitution.
Child labour
Huge gaps between rich and poor.
Hard to offer services to public
Schools, transportation systems, social services

33. Social Problems
Squatter settlements - Illegally set up settlements on land and do not pay rent.
Very poor living conditions – no sewers, water or electricity .
Slum Dwellers – pay rent
Poor living conditions
High sick rates
High Infant mortality
Poverty
Crime
World Bank gives aid to assist in educating and providing healthcare.

34. Squatter Settlements

35. Environmental
Natural Disasters hit them the hardest because of the poorly constructed buildings.
Sites next to industrial areas are very susceptible to toxins and air pollutants.
Developing countries usually have very poorly maintained vehicles and unregulated gas leading to pollution. (CO, CO2, lead, NO2,)
Infrastructure supplying clean drinking water is usually connected to infrastructure dealing with disposal of waste.
(Much of the sewage in poor urban areas still runs into ditches beside roads and flows into rivers used for drinking.)

37. 3rd World Drinking Water Clean water
3 million people die every year due to waterborne diseases caused by unclean water, 90% are children under the age of 5.