1. Parliamentary System and Structure of Government Separation of Power -three main bodies -do not overlap and no interference Executive legislative judiciary

2. The executive Federal/State (Cabinet/ State Executive Council) -governing and administration -supreme head- YDPA (has to act on advise of the PM) -executive power exercised by cabinet (Article 43) -cabinet headed by PM and consist of ministers (who is made up of those who represent the party with a majority in Parliament) -determine government policies

3. Prime minister Prime minister’s - appointment by YDPA but chosen from among members of House of representatives and have the support of majority of members in the house -if fail to have support has to resign (Article 43) -can voluntarily resign

4. Ministers The PM determine the Minister fortfolio Term of member of cabinet depends on YDPA -appointment by YDPA and deputy is also appointed by YDPA on advise of PM Also minister are appointed without fortfolio (to assist PM)

5. Cabinet Role of cabinet –To determine govt policies –To issue directives for their implementation –Advisory to YDPA –Meetings to discuss the above held every Wednesday –When decision taken, a cabinet member should accept policy and defend it @ to resign from Govt or leave cabinet

6. The legislative body Function :- draw up, amend and pass law -Federal- Parliament (article 44) – consist of House of Representative (Dewan Rakyat & House of Senate (Dewan Senat) -YDPA, a component of the Parliament by is not involve in making the laws. -Draft put together and outlined by Minister after obtaining views of Attorney general

7. Law making process Bill frame with help of AG office The mInister will get cabinet approval and bill is Printed and presented to Parliment The Bill is presented to the House of Representative orHouse of Senate Three Readings:- 1 st -Minister will read & brief 2 nd – bill discussed and debated bill discussed at House committee level & finalised 3 rd – can be subjected to minor amendments only Bill must be approved (2/3 majority) (brought to the other house for the same process) is presented for YDPA approval (after approval by both Houses) (may disapprove once and the Bill will return to same process again) Approved by YDPA, stamped with royal seal and gazetted (becomes Act)

8. Judiciary Roles interpret constitution Interpret law Proclaim written law invalid Proclaim govt action invalid Freedom of the Court -Free from political influence or pressure Judges appointed by YDPA (article 122B(1)) on advise of PM after consultation with council of rulers - Administration (please refer to the (judical System of malaysia)

9. Adminstration at state Level ExecutiveLegislative -Sultan/Yang Dipertua Negeri Sultan/Yang Dipertua negeri (Chief executive) decide based on -draws law called enactment Advise of State Executive Council - State legislative Assembly Chaired by Ketua Menteri/MB- consist of those won State state seat in election State Cabinet (EXCO)+ State Secretary -Forming policies, implements and advise+ State Legal Advisor Sultan/YDP + State Finance Officer -collectively responsible- law related to State List

10. The YDPA Supreme head according to Federal Constitution Above everyone and cannot be convicted for official duty Can only be convicted in Special Court (no absolute immnunity)-Parlimentary Monarchy To protect the institution, He cannot -not allowed to continue his duty as ruler -hold salaried position -Do business -Receives emolument -Leave Federation without approval more than 15 days on personal reasons

11. Selection of YDPA Selected by rotation among malay rulers When turn comes can be the YDPA UNLESS – still a teenager –Decides does not want to be chosen – mental or health problem –Council has ballot support of 5 members that he is unfit Should be the most senior Holds office for 5 years

12. YDPA THE FIRST

13. THE SECOND

14. THE SECOND LAST

15. THE CURRENT 2006-2011

16. THE NEXT? WAS THE 5 TH YDPA - 1970-1975

17. Period can be shortened if:- - decease - withdraws from position - deems unfit by council of rules (at least 5 by secret ballot) - cease to be ruler of own state Exclusive Powers of YDPA -Appointment of PM -Not to consent to dissolution of Parliament -Request for meeting of rulers

18. Council of rulers Represented by Rulers and Sultan & YDPN Power according to Article 38(2):- -selection of YDPA and Deputy -approves, disapproves act, practice or religious ceremony; - approves/disapproves and give advise on appointment that require their approval - appoints member of special courts - grants pardon, postpone or Commutes sentence -deliberate matter pertaining to national policies

19. YDPN no power to vote for selection of YDPA They also become the deciding body in matter of Islam Conference of Council of Rulers -3 or 4 x a year -A forum for close discussion -Chairperson would be one ranking highest in seniority -Attended by PM / CM/ MB