1. How did Parliamentary Reform develop after 1832? Objective To understand the causes and consequences of the Second Reform Act To be able to describe how it changed the electoral system

2. Disraeli and the Second Reform Act Great Reform Act 1832 => principle of greater representation 1860s pressure (external and internal) Liberals and Conservatives accepted need for reform Disraeli = realist, wanted control Gladstone’s Reform Bill 1866 => Conservative attack

3. Disraeli and the Second Reform Act Liberals resigned &Conservative returned to office Disraeli’s Reform Bill 1867 “wholly in keeping with the manners, the customs, the laws, the traditions of the people” Franchise privilege attached to ownership of property Radical amendment widened franchise to 500,000 ‘compounders’

4. Disraeli and the Second Reform Act Strengthen Conservative vote in county Bold move – uncertainty Perceived importance of w/c voter or opportunism M/C who mattered and were wooed BUT 1868 Conservatives were defeated by Gladstone

5. Main terms of Second Reform Act 1867 In boroughs –Vote extended to all male householders & lodgers paying £10 a year to ‘compounders’ In Counties –Vote extended to male £12 leaseholders –Boroughs of less than 10,000 lost one seat –45 seats redistributed to counties and larger towns Effect = doubling of electorate from 1.1million to 2 million and large numbers of working men got vote for first time

6. CAUSESLEGISLATIONRESULTS Radical pressure from Reform Union and Reform League Gladstone and Liberal initiatives Disraeli’s opportunism Second Reform Act 1867 Disraeli/ Conservatives Urban artisans enfranchised, improved party organisation Radical pressure Revelations about 1868 election Ballot Act 1872 Gladstone/ Liberal Secret Ballot, decreased landlord/ aristocratic influence in counties Radical pressure MPs’ concerns at election costs Corrupt and Illegal Practices Prevention Act, 1883 Gladstone/ Liberal Less corruption, cheaper elections (but still expensive) Demand from unenfranchised Radical pressure/ Chamberlain’s strategy Gladstone’s and Salisbury’s strategies Third Reform Act, 1884-5 Gladstone/ Liberal Agricultural workers and miners enfranchised in counties; Redistribution benefited Conservatives Radical, socialist and women’s pressure Wartime attitudes Fear of Bolshevism Fourth Reform Act 1918 Lloyd George/ Coalition Women aged 30 and men aged 21 enfranchised. Plural voting limited

7. Task Complete the A3 Second Reform Act cause and consequence diagram, and make notes under the headings from the handout

8. Second Reform Act 1867 Disraeli/ Conservatives Main Features of Legislation Radical pressure from Reform Union and Reform League Gladstone and Liberal Initiatives Disraeli’s Opportunism Urban Artists Enfranchised Improved Party Organisation Other: