2. exit start Author: A CAI application project FSU - ISD Program February 1999 Roberto G. Pérez Galluccio (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) Course: EME 5450 Educational Technologies Theory and Practice

3. The A-B-C of CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) exit home next A computer-based practice module on CPR procedures  Purpose: to provide a review of the basic steps in cardiopulmonary resuscitation.  Target audience: individuals who have already taken a certified CPR course.

4. The A-B-C of CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) exit home next Important notice: Important notice: this module is intended to be used as a complement to certified CPR courses. It is assumed that anyone using this practice material has already taken one (or more) CPR course(s) delivered by certified instructors. It is understood that use of this material alone does not provide the required skills to perform infant or adult CPR. All CPR training and practice has to be done under the expert guidance of certified instructors. Do not try to apply these procedures if you have not had any formal training in CPR techniques and procedures.

5. Imagine the following case scenario: You are walking along a street, and you see the person walking in front of you suddenly stops, puts his hand on his chest, and falls down. What would you do in a situation like this? (click on the box that contains your most likely reaction) Imagine the following case scenario: You are walking along a street, and you see the person walking in front of you suddenly stops, puts his hand on his chest, and falls down. What would you do in a situation like this? (click on the box that contains your most likely reaction) exit home next previous You go to a nearby building and ask for an ambulance to be summoned. You approach, and try to find out what that person’s problem is. You carry him to a nearby bench, under the trees, in a shaded area.

6. Do not summon an ambulance, yet... You do not even know what has happened yet. If you call 911, you need to tell them:  What has happened exactly  Where it has happened  What kind of people are involved  what signs those people present You do not have all that information yet... exit home next previous Click on “previous” to go back one screen. Click on “next” to see the correct answer. * Did you say you would call an ambulance?

7. You should avoid moving that person. Unless you are completely sure there is no cervical damage, always avoid moving a victim. The only reason for moving someone is immediate danger to his/her live (fire, explosion, electricity, etc.). Even then, standard procedures have to be used to minimize the risk of causing further injuries. You can make that person comfortable by loosening buttons, tie, even wrist watch. Also, you can fan him/her or place a cushion under his/her head (provided there is no cervical damage). exit home next previous Click on “previous” to go back one screen. Click on “next” to see the correct answer. * Did you say you would carry that person to a nearby bench?

8. This is the best course of action in this specific situation. You must do that before taking any measure. See if the victim is unconscious. Establish unresponsiveness by:  shaking the victim gently by the shoulders.  asking in a loud voice “Are you ok?” exit home next previous You approach that person and find out what the problem is. You can see that person is conscious, so you see no point in staying there any longer. No help is needed. You walk away. You can see that person is conscious, but you stay there anyway, trying to help out. If you can see the person is unconscious, click on “next” for guidance on how to act. (Click on the box that contains your most likely course of action)

9. exit home next previous You should not walk away. Even if the person is conscious, it does not mean he/she does not need any help. Some people are concerned about liability issues, and try not to get involved if they think the situation is not serious enough. You can still help that person, even if you do not perform any CPR technique on him/her. Click on “previous” to go back one screen. Click on “next” to see the correct answer. * Did you say you would just walk away?

10. exit home previous You should stay with that person  If the victim is conscious and responding, try to find out if he/she needs a specific medicine, an inhaler, etc.  Make that person comfortable. Reassure him/her.  Stay with that person until he/she recovers.  Ask for help if needed. To know how you could have proceeded had the victim been unconscious, click hereclick here

11. exit home next previous If the victim is unconscious, you must be sure that the airway —the passage between the mouth and lungs—is not blocked by the tongue or an object, which would prevent breathing. A A is for Airway  Open victim’s airway by tilting his/her head back with one hand while lifting up his/her chin with your other hand Applying the A-B-C- approach

12. exit home next previous B B is for Breathing  Position your cheek close to victim’s nose and mouth, look toward victim’s chest.  Look, listen and feel for breathing (5-10 seconds).  If not breathing, pinch victim’s nose closed and give 2 full breaths into victim’s mouth. Applying the A-B-C- approach

13. exit home next previous Check for carotid pulse by feeling for 5-10 seconds at side of victim’s neck. If there is pulse but victim is not breathing, give rescue breathing at a rate of 1 breath every 5 seconds or 12 breaths per minute. If there is no pulse, click on “next” for the following step.

14. exit home previous Your situation does not look good. You have a victim who:  is unconscious  does not breathe  does not have pulse You keep calm and go on...You panic, panic and panic... next (Click on the box that contains your most likely course of action)

15. exit home next previous  Please, don’t panic!! Keep calm.  You have received qualified training. You can do it  Breathe deeply, and press “next” to continue...

16. exit home next previous C C is for Circulation If there is no pulse, begin chest compressions as follows to reestablish circulation:  Place heel of one hand on lower part of victim’s sternum. With your other hand directly on top of first hand, depress sternum 1.5 to 2 inches.  Perform 15 compressions to every 2 breaths (rate 80-100 per minute)  check for return pulse every minute Applying the A-B-C- approach

17. exit home next previous If there is another person helping you  Perform 5 compressions to every breath  check for return pulse every 4 cicles (approx. 1 minute) continue uninterrupted...

18. exit home next previous CPR can/should be stopped when:  victim revives (spontaneous breathing and circulation is restored).  expert help (advanced life support equipment) arrives.  more than 10 minutes have elapsed since CPR began (with the exception of children, as well as cases of drowning, electrocution and freezing).

19. exit home next previous CPR means... Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR). It consists of mouth-to-mouth respiration and chest compression. CPR allows oxygenated blood to circulate to vital organs such as the brain and heart. CPR can keep a person alive until more advanced procedures (such as defibrillation - an electric shock to the chest) can treat the cardiac arrest. CPR started by a bystander doubles the likelihood of survival for victims of cardiac arrest. CPR means... Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR). It consists of mouth-to-mouth respiration and chest compression. CPR allows oxygenated blood to circulate to vital organs such as the brain and heart. CPR can keep a person alive until more advanced procedures (such as defibrillation - an electric shock to the chest) can treat the cardiac arrest. CPR started by a bystander doubles the likelihood of survival for victims of cardiac arrest. To remember

20. exit home next previous A-B-C means…  A  Airway  B  Breathing  C  Circulation A-B-C means…  A  Airway  B  Breathing  C  Circulation To remember

21. exit home previous CPR Saves Lives practice your CPR techniques …be responsible, be prepared... To remember

22. Once you establish unconsciousness, call out for help, even if no one is in sight. This may bring someone within earshot to your aid. Have this person call the Emergency Medical Service (EMS) system. Whoever calls for help should furnish as much information as possible about the victim's condition. exit home next previous Now is the moment to call emergency services Have this information prepared before calling:  What has happened exactly  Where it has happened  What kind of people are involved  what signs that/those people present