1. INTEGRATED CROP AND WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT TO SUSTAIN UPLAND AGRICULTURE CIRAD-IAHRI Pilot Activities Wonosari Regency (Central Java) 2002 – 2005 By: Jean Marie Lopez, Kasdi Subagyono, Budi Kartiwa and Hendri Sosiawan Iahri Cirad Seminar “Stories of Water” Le Méridien Hotel Jakarta – June 19 th, 2007 French Embassy

2. Pilot activities  To introduce, test and assess innovative agro-technologies regarding soil, water and crop management in upland dry areas with aim at improving crop productions and smallholder incomes  To develop participatory approach and partnership frame between farmers organizations, local NGOs and regional authorities involved in the agricultural development with aim at sustaining and disseminating agro-technologies tested with success. Frame of intervention  Poverty alleviation  Food security  Upland areas => Rainfed annual food crops, 16.5 Millions Ha in Indonesia, 53% of total annual crop areas => 14.5 Millions of Indonesia agricultural households, 65% of total agricultural households Main goals

3. Selopamioro pilot site Location of pilot sites in Yogyakarta Province (Java Island) Bunder and Playen pilot sites Water constraint is considered by farmers one of the main physical factor limiting crop productions !!!

4. Main cropping patterns in Wonosari upland region 1 st and 2 nd crop cycle3 rd crop cycle

5. Rainfall patterns in Wonosari region => Need to harvest water available to irrigate crops in dry season (3 rd cycle)

6. Rainfall patterns in Wonosari region => Need to harvest water available to irrigate crops during dry events (1 st and 2 nd cycle) => Importance of rainfall distribution in the time !!!

7. Water resources management Rain water harvesting Watering optimization Agronomic innovations Cropping system improvement Strong farmer involvement in all phases: action identification, hydraulic structure building and maintenance, collective water management, agro technologies tests => on-field research) Integrated and participatory approach in pilot activity implementation Participatory diagnosis => Analysis of farming system => Assessment of water availability => Feasibility of action identified Integrated Survey => Identification of main constraints and solutions

8. Partnership frame in pilot activity implementation Indonesian Rice Research Institute IRRI => Upland new varieties Pilot Activities: Integrated water-soil management & Cropping system improvement Local NGOs => Identification, Implementation, Follow-up, Assessment Dissemination Farmers Associations/Groups => Identification, Implementation BPTP/BPP/PU => Technical supports Dissemination CIRAD, Scientific and Technical support-management BUPATI / Local Authorities => Financial supports Indonesian Agroclimate and Hydrologic Research Institute IAHRI => Agro Climatic diagnosis, Water harvesting survey

9. Small dam filling-up Small dam and irrigated rice plot  2 rice cycles instead of 1  Farmer’s participatory rate for dam building: 40%  Farmer empowerment: collective management of small dams  Rice yields +30% Rain water harvesting and rice supplemental irrigation in Bunder catchment Illustrations and main results recorded in 2002-2003  15 Smallholders => about 3,5 ha  Set of 3 small dams (80 - 150 m 3 )  Average cost of 1 hydraulic structure: 3.500.000 Rp.

10. => Dam and on-farm reservoir building Dam building On-farm reservoir building Rain water harvesting operation in Dengkling catchment Illustrations and main results recorded in 2004-2005

11. Rain water harvesting operation in Dengkling catchment Illustrations and main results recorded in 2004-2005 Dam filling-up and water harvested Automatic Water Level Record to monitor water harvested and irrigations On-farm reservoir filling-up

12. Rain water harvesting operation and crop water supply in Dengkling catchment Main results recorded in 2004-2006  2 full rice cycles instead of 1  Farmer’s participatory rate (dam building): 20%  2-3 maize cycles instead of 1 or 2  80 smallholders (P3A association) => total area: 28 ha  1 dam (7.000 m 3 ) : IDR 65 Millions  Average yields of main crops recorded in 2005-2006: Increase and secure crop yields * Nov. – Jan. => Rice; 15,0 ha with supplemental irrigation; 3,5 – 4,0 T/ha compared to 2,5 – 3,0 T/ha * Feb. – Apr. => Rice; 12,0 ha with supplemental irrigation; 2,5 – 3,0 T/ha compared to 1,5 – 2,0 T/ha * Feb. - Apr. => Maize corn; 5,0 ha with supplemental irrigation; 2,0 T/ha compared to 1,0 T/ha * Apr. – Jun. => Maize fodder (cattle); 7,5 ha with full irrigation; 7,0 T(GL)/ha compared to 3,5 T/ha * Jul. – Aug. => Maize fodder (cattle); 4,5 ha with full irrigation; 3,0 T(GL)/ha compared to 0,0 T/ha  4 on-farm reservoirs (40 - 60 m 3 ): IDR 3 Millions/unity  Water user association creation (P3A)  Regional partnership (BUPATI, PU, BPTP, NGO)

13.  - IR64 : 4,3T/ha - Singkil: 4,6 T/ha - Ciherang : 5,0 T/ha Better yields under local ecological conditions: + [10 - 20%] Test of new rice varieties on pilot sites (Bunder and Dengkling) Illustrations and main results recorded in 2002-2005 => Upland rice with supplemental irrigations

14. => Drip irrigation system x cover crop residues (rice straw) applied to tobacco crop Main results :  average decreasing of water supply: 225  170 mm => - 25%  strong decreasing of * weeds under mulch * diseases under drip irrigation  increasing of crop yield: 4,8  6,0 T/ha = > + 25%  increasing of crop daily income + 35% Test of drip irrigation x mulch for cash crops Illustrations and main results recorded in 2003-2005  Cost of drip irrigation system: 5-6.000 Rp/m 2

15. Main results:  increasing of crop yield: 5,6  7,0 T/ha = > + 25%  increasing of crop daily income: + 20% Test of micro-irrigation x mulch for cash crops Illustrations and main results recorded in 2003-2005  average decreasing of water supply : 225  170 mm => - 25%  strong decreasing of * weeds under mulch * diseases under drip irrigation => Drip irrigation system x mulch (rice straw) applied to chilly crop  Cost of drip irrigation system: 5-6.000 Rp/m 2

16. Cost and benefit data of dam and on-farm reservoirs project in Dengkling catchment (at collective level, P3A farmers’ association)

17. Tobacco price: 800 - 1500 Rp/kg DLS cost : 5.000 - 6.000 Rp / m’ IRR = 28% Break even point reached after 3 years Chilly price: 1.500 - 6.000 Rp DLS cost: 5.000 - 6.000 Rp /m² IRR = 35 % Break even point after 3 years <= => Cost and benefit data of Drip Line System (DLS) at individual level (farmer)

18. BPTP-Yogyakarta activities in the Primatani national project  Reproduction of the integrated and participatory approach in dam and on-farm reservoir building  Dissemination of agro-technologies (Ciherang rice variety, Pioneer maize variety) BPTP-Sumba Timor activities in the Primatani national project  Reproduction of the integrated and participatory approach in dam and channel building  Dissemination of some agro-technologies (mulching, Lamuru maize variety) DISSEMINATION OF APPROACH AND AGRO-TECHNOLOGIES IAHRI-Bogor activities in NTB  Experimentation of micro-irrigation system for tobacco crop

19. Thank You Iahri Cirad Seminar “Stories of Water” Le Méridien Hotel Jakarta – June 19 th, 2007 French Embassy