1. The Tools of Poetry 3: Repetition & Rhyme English I Honors Mr. Popovich

2. Repetition is one of the main ways a poet uses language to create particular sound effects. Repetition In Poetry One form of repetition is known as a refrain: a word, phrase, line, or stanza that is repeated in its entirety (i.e. exactly the same). Can you think of a refrain from a song you know well?

3. The most common repetition in poetry is rhyme. Rhyme is the repetition of the accented vowel sound AND all subsequent sounds in a word. A rhyme at the ends of lines is called end rhyme. Repetition In Poetry This knowledge, from an Angel's voice Proceeding, made the heart rejoice —from “The Pilgrim’s Dream” by William Wordsworth

4. The rhyme scheme is the repeated pattern of end rhymes within a particular stanza. A slumber did my spirit seal; I had no human fears: She seemed a thing that could not feel The touch of earthly years. —from “A Slumber Did My Spirit Seal” by William Wordsworth Rhyme Scheme Be sure you know the following stanzas: couplet, tercet, quatrain, sestet, octave What is the rhyme scheme in this quatrain?

5. In an exact rhyme, the words rhyme perfectly. heart—start flicker—thicker ordering—bordering In a near rhyme, the sounds are similar but not exactly the same. light—late whisper—winter bays—waves Internal rhyme is a rhyme within a single line. Other Rhymes The sails at noon left off their tune, —from “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” by Samuel Taylor Coleridge

6. exact rhymes: numb/come frore/more near rhymes: again/green/pain Other Rhymes Identify the exact and near end rhymes in these stanzas. Quick Check All suddenly the wind comes soft, And Spring is here again; And the hawthorn quickens with buds of green, And my heart with buds of pain. My heart all Winter lay so numb The earth so dead and frore That I never thought the Spring would come Or my heart wake any more. —from “Song” by Rupert Brooke

7. Example: “A long, long yellow on the lawn” —Emily Dickenson Alliteration is the repetition of initial consonant sounds in words that appear close together. Other Repetitions Consonance is the repetition of internal and final (but not initial) consonant sounds in words. Example: “As in guys she gently sways at ease” —Robert Frost Assonance is the repetition of internal vowel sounds. Example: “The crumbling thunder under the sea” —R.L. Stevenson

8. Alliteration: silken/sad Consonance: uncertain/rustling Other Repetitions Identify the alliteration, consonance, and assonance in this line. Quick Check And the silken sad uncertain rustling of each purple curtain —from “The Raven” by Edgar Allen Poe Assonance: purple/curtain

9. The End