1. MLA Style Citations  What is MLA? A standardized format for writing, formatting and publishing research papers. A standardized format for recording research and citing sources. Generally the format used in high school research papers. It is usually replaced in college by a field-specific citation format or Chicago-style.

2. Basic Book  Author’s Name. Title of book. Location of Publication: Name of Press, Date. Pages used. Example: Kaku, Michio. Hyperspace: A Scientific Odyssey through Parallel Universe. New York: Oxford UP, 1994.

3. Two or more books by same author Author’s Name. Title of book. Location of Publication: Name of Press, Date. Pages used.. ---. Title of Book. Location of Publication: Name of Press, Date. Pages used.

4. Two or More authors  Author one, and Author two. Title of book. Location of Publication: Name of Press, Date. Pages used.  Kerrigan, William, and Gordon Braden. The idea of the Renaissance. Baltimore: John Hopkins UP, 1989.  Rabkin, Eric, Martin Greenberg, and Joseph Olander. No Place Else: Explorations in Utopian and Dystopian Fiction. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1983.

5. More than three authors  Name only the first and add et al. or you mean give all names in full in the order in which they appear on the title page. Gilman, Sander, et al. Hysteria beyond Freud. Berkeley: U of California P, 1993.

6. Electronic Text (General)  Includes: Name of author (if known) Title of Text (underlined) Publication information for the printed source (if text originally appeared in print) Publication medium Name of the repository of the electronic text (if found in a database, Gale, for example) Name of the computer network (if website located within a private network, ex. AOL) Date of access Available:.  Author. Title. Location of Publication: Name of Press, Date. Pages used. Site Name. Online. Date of Access. Available:.  Carver, Raymond. “Cathedral.” Writing about Literature in the Media Age. New York: Pearson, 2005. 84-92. Gutenberg Online. Online. 19 October 2007. Available:.  Smith, John. Drawing Webcomics. Web Artists’ Workshop. 15 September 2006. Online. 20 November 2007. Available:.

7. Electronic Texts: Examples  Hardy, Thomas. Far from the Madding Crowd. Ed. Ronald Blythe. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1978. Online. Oxford Text Archive. Internet. 24 Jan. 1994.  United States. General Accounting Office. Drug- Exposed Infants: Report to the U.S. Senate. 6 Nov. 1992. Online. U of Minnesota Lib. Internet. 1 May 1993. Available: http://www.senatereport.gov/importantdoc.html

8. Photo or picture found online*  Artist’s Name. Title of Picture. Date of creation. Name of Institution/Individual who owns the picture, Location. Site Name. Online. Date of Access. Available:.  Picasso, Pablo. Guernica. 1937. Reina Sofia, Spain. PBS: Treasures of the World. Online. 10 Dec 2007. Available:. *For pictures found in a book or magazine replace information starting at “Site Name” with the title of the book, continuing through as a book citation all the way to the pages on which you found the picture.

9. Cartoon / Political Cartoon  Author’s Name. “Title of Cartoon.” Cartoon. Citation information per type of publication- newspaper/ book/ electronic medium.  Trudeau, Garry. “Doonesbury.” Cartoon. Star- Ledger [Newark] 3 Jan 1994: 24.  Adams, Scott. “Dilbert.” Cartoon. 10 Dec 2007. Yahoo! News: Comics. Online. 10 Dec 2007. Available:

10. Article in Magazine  Author. “Title of Article.” Title of Magazine Volume Number (year of publication): pages used. Scotto, Peter. “Censorship, Reading, and Interpretation: A Case Study from the Soviet Union.” PMLA 109 (1994): 61-70

11. When to consult the book…  Your text comes from an online database.  Your text comes from an email, memo or personal letter.  Your source is a video or audio recording.  You are citing a government publication.  You have a source that does not fall within the parameters outlined in this presentation.

12. The clever writer…  Will notice that most of these citations follow the same guidelines: Author first. Title of Article/Magazine/Book. Publication info (where it was published, by whom and when). Page numbers or web address. Periods after each full entry. Therefore: You can generally use the above guidelines to write a formal citation for any normal type of source.  If you are unsure, though, check the manual. Your reader (in this case your teacher) will know if you make a mistake.

13. Citations in your paper  “…source to readers and writers” (Griggs, p. 52) When you are not using footnotes or a numbered bibliography  “…malodorous feline companion 1 ” When using footnotes or numbering your bibliography.

14. Bibliography  A list of MLA-style citations, in alphabetical order.  May be numbered for reference within your research paper/document.