1. Nursing Assistant Monthly Copyright © 2015 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. CNAs are the first line of defense Common infections

2. Copyright © 2015 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. A serious health threat A combination of factors make infection…  More likely –Older adults may have weaker immune systems. –Closer quarters help infections spread. –Cognitively-impaired residents may not always follow hygiene measures.  More severe –Residents who transfer from the hospital can bring new, drug- resistant germs that are difficult to treat. January 2015Common infections

3. Copyright © 2015 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Urinary tract infections  The most common kind of infection in nursing homes.  Bladder infections are most common, but bacteria may spread to the kidneys.  Symptoms include: fever, pain during urination.  What can you do? –Encourage drinking fluids to keep urine clear. –Provide good perineal hygiene and catheter care. –Encourage good hand-washing for both you and the resident after toileting. January 2015Common infections

4. Copyright © 2015 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Respiratory infections  Most common are pneumonia and influenza.  Typically spread through the air or droplets that land on surfaces.  Residents with COPD are especially at risk.  Frequent hand-washing is important.  Vaccines can prevent infections among residents and staff. January 2015Common infections

5. Copyright © 2015 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Gastrointestinal infections  Caused by bacteria, virus, or parasite.  Often spread when some fecal material enters the mouth.  For residents with vomiting or diarrhea, fluid intake is important. January 2015Common infections

6. Copyright © 2015 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Skin infections  Scabies –An itchy rash caused by a parasite. –Use contact precautions to prevent spread.  Pressure ulcer infections –Can be life-threatening. –Follow your facility’s policy for repositioning. –Keep skin clean and dry. January 2015Common infections

7. Copyright © 2015 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Standard Precautions  Wear gloves when touching all body fluids except sweat.  Wear a disposable gown when there is danger that body fluids might splash onto your clothing.  Wear eye protection, a mask, and a gown when there is danger that body fluids might splash onto your face. January 2015Common infections

8. Copyright © 2015 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Proper hand-washing technique  Wet hands first.  Lather for at least 15 seconds.  Dry your hands with a disposable paper towel.  Use a paper towel when touching the faucet or door handle. January 2015Common infections