2. Biological Parents Pregnancy - planned - unplanned IVF and GIFT

3. Social Parents Adoption Fostering Step – parenting Surrogacy

4.  What does it involve?  Advantages?  Disadvantages?

5.  What does it involve?  Advantages?  Disadvantages?

6.  What does it involve?  Advantages?  Disadvantages?

7. Preparations for becoming a parent or carer Physical – prenatal considerations for parent and child health. Social changes parents and carers may have to make. Emotional preparations for the new relationships. Economic

8.  When planning a pregnancy – do your homework!  Understand what to expect not only during pregnancy and birth but after!  Books, classes, people etc.  Being as healthy as possible for conception and pregnancy is very important for both males and females.

9.  MALES - Stop smoking. - Reduce alcohol consumption (reduces sperm production). - Check genitals for infection. - Reduce stress as it can effect sperm production. - Balanced diet.  FEMALES - Stop smoking. - Prescriptive and non- prescriptive medications can harm a developing embryo. - Check for urinary tract infections. - Reduce stress as it can interfere with ovulation. - Balanced diet – extra folic acid is best to reduce the chances of spina bifida.

10.  Parents/carers may experience many health problems due to their caring responsibilities, including physical injuries from lifting and chronic tiredness from 24 hour care.

11.  After the birth of a baby priorities change and usually an extensive social calendar is not as important.  Leaving the house now requires more organisation.  Baby sitters.  Being at home can leave you feeling isolated.  Friends may change (those who also have children)  Parents should share parenting responsibilities.  Parents/carers may feel frustrated and distressed and social isolation.

12.  Pregnancy – life may change after the birth of a child, tiredness, hormone changes, financial stress can all cause issues between parents/carers.

13.  Costs!!!  Doctors bills  Maternity clothes.  “Things for the baby”  Food items (bottle fed)  Baby sitters.  Housing.  Maternity leave.  Assistance for parents/carers.

14. Examine current and future areas for development necessary as a consequence of becoming a parent or carer??

15.  Dependents affected by the caring relationship.  Resources.  Access to services. Examine how effective resource management impacts on parenting ad caring and propose strategies for parents and carers in different situations.

16.  RIGHTS.  RESPONSIBILITIES.  SOURCES OF CONFLICT BETWEEN PARENTS AND CHILDREN, CARERS AND CARED FOR.

17.  RIGHTS - To be respected and given recognition of their role. - Set limits on behaviour and initiate standards. - Respect for their authority, as well as autonomy.  RESPONSIBILITIES - Duty of care (all needs of the child, or person being cared for must be met) - Set a series of consequences for each inappropriate action. - Consequences should be age appropriate and reflect the seriousness of the transgression. - Not to “neglect” or “abuse”.....................physically, psychologically or emotionally.

18.  RIGHTS - To be nurtured in a peaceful environment, with love. - Protected from the elements and feel physically, emotionally and psychologically safe. - Equality in education. - A name and a nationality. - Legal rights should be respected and they should have the opportunity to make decisions about their future.  RESPONSIBILITIES - Treating their parents, other adults, siblings and friends with respect, courtesy and consideration. - Fostering positive relationships with siblings. - Respecting themselves and being honest. - Acting in a responsible manner when out in public, because their behaviour reflects on the rest of the family. - Keeping family issues within the household.

20.  NEW SOUTH WALES Children and Young Persons (Care and Protection) Act 1998  INTERNATIONAL & NATIONAL LEGAL RIGHTS United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child

21.  Family Law Reform Act 1995 - “all duties, powers, responsibilities and authority, which, by law, parents have in relation to children”........automatic responsibility. - Basic responsibility is to care for and support dependants to the best of their ability until the dependant becomes completely autonomous. - Responsibility only ceases with a court order, adoption, when the dependant marries or 18 years of age. - Provide treatment for an intellectually disabled child up to 18 years. - Parents, teachers and carers have a “duty of care”. - Set limits, within family and community standards. - Revise and adapt limits. - Discipline refers to guiding, teaching and leading by example. - According to the law, parents have the right to control their child’s behaviour through the reasonable application of discipline. - Children should show courtesy and affection to parents, share in home tasks, do their best at school, be loyal and honest, discuss issues and share in family decision-making.

22.  HEALTH SERVICES Offer advice and resources to manage medical and healthy issues. Hospitals Tresillian Family Care Community nurses Karitane (Family care cottages) Health professionals

23.  WELFARE AGENCIES Provide resources to help meet the needs of parents, carers and families. Salvation Army St Vincent de Paul Society Anglicare Mercy Family Life Centre Centacare Unitingcare Burnside

24.  PARENTING GROUPS Specific groups related to parenting that offer advice, information and support for all parents. Parentline Multiple Birth Asssociation The Australian Breastfeeding Association Lone Parent Family Support Service Parents without Partners Single Parent Family Association Fathers for Family Equity Foster Care Association NSW

25.  COMMUNITY GROUPS Associations in local areas that offer services for parents and children to meet their parenting needs. Playgroups Churches and spiritual groups Charity groups – World Vision Meals on Wheels

26.  GOVERNMENT AGENCIES Various levels of government offer payments, services and advice to the public. Department of Community Services Centrelink Department of Industrial Relations has a Work and Family Unit

27.  CHILD – CARE SERVICES Provide care for children while the parent works or has other responsibilities. Pre-schools Day-care centres Family Day Care Vacation care Before and after school care Nannies

28.  CARER’S SUPPORT GROUPS Specialise in offering advice and support for carers. Carers NSW Counselling support services Respite

29.  Examine what it means to be a parent..  Examine the legal and social implications of birth technologies and social parenting.  Discuss the variety of circumstances that might lead to care.....assess implications for planned and unplanned circumstances...  Investigate the significance of gender...

30.  Examine current and future areas for development necessary for a parent or carer.  Examine how effective resource management impacts on parenting and caring and propose strategies for parents and carers......  Investigate the impact each group may have on the individual for whom they care.

31.  Critically analyse expectations of males and females in parenting and caring roles in a changing society.  Examine each influence to determine its effect on parenting and caring.....  Explore the role they play when developing a positive relationship in : caring for someone or being cared for.  Analyse a range of family weekly schedules in order to determine the extent of commitment that parenting and caring requires.

32.  Examine case studies to determine how parents and carers manage multiple roles. Propose strategies to assist parents and carers......  Analyse the rights and responsibilities of parents, carers, children and other persons........tension or conflict might exist.  Investigate implications of cultural and gender differences in setting limits.

33.  Recognise the differences that may exist between the rights and responsibilities of parents and those of carers in different situations.  Investigate a support service - Target group - Accessed? - Cost - Source of funding