2. Scientific Name: Panthera Tigris Sumatrae Common Name: Sumatran Tiger Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Continent/Country origin from: Asia/ Indonesia Year added to Endangered Species List: 1996 Numbers remaining: ~350 in wild (down from 1,000 in 1980’s) Range of Sumatran tigers

3. Weight: - Male: 110- 140 kg( 220- 310 lbs.) -Female: 75- 110 kg(170- 240 lbs.) Height : Up to 60 cm (1.9 feet) Length : Up to 250 cm (8.2 feet) Skin : Have heavy black stripes on its orange coat Life Span: 10-15 in wild; 20 in captivity

4. Habitat: - island of Sumatra in Indonesia - Remain patches of forest, and also in rivers Biomes: - Tropical Broadleaf Evergreen - Peat Swamp - Freshwater Swamp Forest - Most important: Rainforests: Climate- Hot and wet year round, high humidity(averaging about 80%) Precipitation Average Temperature

5. Role in food web: - They eat other mammals: deer, rabbits, boars, badgers, and wild cattle - Carnivores= 2 nd, 3 rd, 4 th level consumer - hunt at night-hide in push then jump out on its prey - Top of the food web Reproduction: - Breed during winter season - Gave birth to 2-4 blind cubs about 103 days later - Sexually mature: Male -4 years olds Female- in 3 years olds

6. Its effect on its ecosystem: - Keep population of deer, wild boars, and guar in check - Without tigers theses prey species would expand ravage on theirs food sources- vegetation smaller insects would not survive these insects will eat crops vital food could be lost to human

7. Large-scale habitat loss (Deforestation): - Human cut down forests for trees to make supplies: paper, build houses and other constructions, and for farmland Habitat fragmentation-splitting up habitat and small areas not sustainable for hunting/survival Loss of prey not enough food for tigers

8. Conflict with human: - Habitat loss = move to other place for food = troubles with humans because wandering into villages Illegal trading: Overhunting - National-through black market, as well as international - Trade bone, fur, and skin for money - Chinese herb uses parts of the Sumatran Tiger for medicine sell tiger cubs for money 1978: 1000 1986: 650 1992: 500 1993: 450

9. Previous Effort/Current Effort: - WWF -Tiger Protection Unit patrol helps keeping forests safe by removing poachers’ traps and snares - Educate people how to live with tiger - Help tiger to have a protected area: Tesso Nilo in 2004 - In 201o, added 6 priority landscapes to the National Tiger Recovery Program - Identify corridors that needed protection by using camera traps to figure out the distribution as well as habitat

10. For the first year, the government should make more laws that make transportation of tiger become harder. - By air, sea, or land Then for the next three years, put undercover cop in some of the black markets to find who is trading the tigers - Stop the process at its start For the next 3 years, we should adopt more Sumatran tigers to the zoo - Established the captive breeding program - Create the best condition to help the tiger to have exponential growth - Later on, return them to the wild.

11. For the last 3 years, we have to keep watching, and recording the population of the tiger to make sure that they are not decreasing - Helps family who has been living depending on selling tigers so they’re not going to hunt tigers again - If they continue to do it, raise the fine that they will be charged if they get caught( go to jail possible)

13. WWF: http://worldwildlife.org/species/sumatran-tiger IUNC red List: http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/15966/0 Tiger Facts: http://www.tigers.ca/Tigerworld/W3A1.html Minnesota Zoo: http://www.mnzoo.com/conservation/conservation_his torySumatranTiger.asp http://www.mnzoo.com/conservation/conservation_his torySumatranTiger.asp Sumatran Tiger Trust: http://www.tigertrust.info/sumatran_tiger_home.asp