1. Common Alerting Protocol (CAP): The Content Standard of Alerts and Notifications in Disasters and Emergencies presented by Eliot Christian, Consultant to WMO telephone: +41 22 730 81 71 e-mail: echristian@wmo.int presented via remote communications at NMHSs' Participation in Disaster Risk Reduction Coordination Mechanisms and Early Warning Systems http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/dpm/coordination-mechanisms-2007/ http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/dpm/coordination-mechanisms-2007/ Geneva, Switzerland; November 27, 2007

2. 27 Nov 2007 Common Alerting Protocol (CAP), ITU Recommendation X.1303 2 Public Warning of Disasters

3. 27 Nov 2007 Commn Alerting Protocol (CAP), ITU Recommendation X.1303 3 CAP Example

4. 27 Nov 2007 Commn Alerting Protocol (CAP), ITU Recommendation X.1303 4 Early Warning focuses on predicting or detecting a hazard event before it becomes an immediate threat to life or property Public Warning focuses on communicating to people about a hazard event that is an immediate threat to life or property Public Warning & Early Warning predicting detecting decision to warn Public Warning cyclone earthquake tsunami disease sirens radio television telephone

5. 27 Nov 2007 Commn Alerting Protocol (CAP), ITU Recommendation X.1303 5 The Challenge of Public Warning "Collaborative actions are necessary to assure that standards-based, all-media, all-hazards public warning becomes an essential infrastructure component available to all societies worldwide." http://www.isoc.org/challenge

6. 27 Nov 2007 Commn Alerting Protocol (CAP), ITU Recommendation X.1303 6 The Common Alerting Protocol (CAP) Standard  Compatible with legacy as well as newer transports (WMO messages, news wires, digital TV, Web Services,...)  Flexible geographic targeting  Phased and delayed effective time, expiration  Message update and cancellation features  May include inline digital images and audio  Version 1.1 approved in October 2005  Significant uptake, many implementations

7. 27 Nov 2007 Commn Alerting Protocol (CAP), ITU Recommendation X.1303 7  Emergency management processes should provide for human judgment between detection of a threat situation and issuing of public alerts, under control of officials with appropriate responsibilities  Where alerting involves existing operational systems, pilot implementations should be in parallel with current operations to minimize confusion and service disruption  In any system of public warning, authentication of senders and targeted receivers is essential  Alerting systems can become targets for deliberate misinformation or denial-of-service attacks Cautions about Public Warning

8. Typical CAP-based Alerting Systems  Pilot Experiment in west coast of India  80 boats fitted with WorldSpace reception - Encased in water proof enclosure - Pretuned to the assigned channel  Warning messages in MP3 format via Internet to the uplink site  Boats into the sea up to 200 miles  Valuable experience gained in designing the full system WorldSpace Reception on a Fishing Boat Cyclone Warning System for Fisherman out at Sea

9. 27 Nov 2007 Commn Alerting Protocol (CAP), ITU Recommendation X.1303 9 "Washington, D.C. - The Federal Communications Commission today adopted [an Order that] requires [Emergency Alert System (EAS)] participants to accept messages using Common Alerting Protocol (CAP) [...] The use of CAP will help to ensure the efficient and rapid transmission of EAS alerts [...] in a variety of formats (including text, audio and video) and via different means (broadcast, cable, satellite, and other networks) [...] In addition, the Order expands the EAS system by requiring participation by wireline video providers." NEWS -- Federal Communications Commission --May 31, 2007 FCC TAKES ACTION TO FURTHER STRENGTHEN NATION'S EMERGENCY ALERT SYSTEM

10. 27 Nov 2007 Commn Alerting Protocol (CAP), ITU Recommendation X.1303 10 "The Plenipotentiary Conference [...] resolves to instruct the Directors of the Bureaux [...] to promote implementation by appropriate alerting authorities of the international content standard for all-media public warning, in concert with ongoing development of guidelines by all ITU Sectors for application to all disaster and emergency situations" ITU Resolution 136 (Antalya, 2006)

11. 27 Nov 2007 Commn Alerting Protocol (CAP), ITU Recommendation X.1303 11 Questions? e-mail: echristian@wmo.int Presentation Outline