1. INDICATORS FOR A CLEAN BLACK SEA VASILE PATRASCU, SIMION NICOLAEV, RADU MIHNEA, ELENA DUMITRESCU, LUCIA POPA, TANIA ZAHARIA NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR MARINE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT “GRIGORE ANTIPA” No. 300, MAMAIA BLVD, RO-900581, CONSTANTA / ROMANIA, FAX: +40 241 831274, E.mail: vasile@alpha.rmri.ro Destined for: - environmental reports - environmental reports - decisions making - decisions making - operational and scientific analyses - operational and scientific analyses

2. Reference points for annual marine environmental report 1-Physico-chemical indicators (Transparency, Temperature, Salinity, Oxygen, Nutrients, Heavy metals, Total and Poliaromatic hydrocarbons, Pesticide) 2-Ecosystem and living resource state littoral and coastal zone (erosion, sea level); littoral and coastal zone (erosion, sea level); biotic components (bacteria; diversity and biomass for fito and zoo plankton, macro algae, zoo benthos, fisheries resources) biotic components (bacteria; diversity and biomass for fito and zoo plankton, macro algae, zoo benthos, fisheries resources) biodiversity and threatened species (macro algae, invertebrate, fish, dolphins) biodiversity and threatened species (macro algae, invertebrate, fish, dolphins) marine living resources marine living resources 3-General trend (general state, last evolution and expectant tendency)

3. Reference terms INDICATOR: Numerical expression for phenomena characterization help from quantitatively, compositionally, structurally, its temporally change (increase or decrease), its reciprocal linkage with others phenomena point of view etc; Numerical expression for phenomena characterization help from quantitatively, compositionally, structurally, its temporally change (increase or decrease), its reciprocal linkage with others phenomena point of view etc; Can be expressed in natural, natural-conventional and monetary measurements units, in absolute, relative and average magnitude; Can be expressed in natural, natural-conventional and monetary measurements units, in absolute, relative and average magnitude; This delivers a physical, chemical, biological, social and economic significant variable, that it can be measured by specified way, for management purposes This delivers a physical, chemical, biological, social and economic significant variable, that it can be measured by specified way, for management purposes

4. IMPOSED REQUIRIMENTS for indicators Their selection must to correspond at one environmental priority taken into account Their selection must to correspond at one environmental priority taken into account Exiting data support for indicators evaluation Exiting data support for indicators evaluation Monitoring system for obtaining background data Monitoring system for obtaining background data Scientific sound and easy processing Scientific sound and easy processing End user requirements satisfaction End user requirements satisfaction

5. KIND OF INDICATORS STATE: Attribute(s) of the natural environment that reflect its integrity as regards a specified issue Attribute(s) of the natural environment that reflect its integrity as regards a specified issuePRESSURE: Means by which at least one activity or process intended to enhance human welfare causes or contributes to a change in State Means by which at least one activity or process intended to enhance human welfare causes or contributes to a change in StateIMPACT: A change in human welfare attributable to a change in State A change in human welfare attributable to a change in StateRESPONSE: An initiative intended to reduce at least one Impact and in which manner the ecosystem react to this An initiative intended to reduce at least one Impact and in which manner the ecosystem react to this

6. ISSUE: GENERAL General Indicators: Temperature (Celsius degree); Temperature (Celsius degree); Salinity (g/l); Salinity (g/l); Transparency (m); Transparency (m); Dissolved Oxygen concentration (µmol/l); Dissolved Oxygen concentration (µmol/l); Oxygen Saturation (%) Oxygen Saturation (%)

7. ISSUE: CONTAMINATION State Indicators : The concentration of heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Pb, Mn, Ni, Cr, Zn) in seawater (µg/L) and sediments (mg/kg) The concentration of heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Pb, Mn, Ni, Cr, Zn) in seawater (µg/L) and sediments (mg/kg) The organo-halogenated compounds in seawater (ng/L) and sediments (µg/Kg) The organo-halogenated compounds in seawater (ng/L) and sediments (µg/Kg) The concentration of poliaromatic hydrocarbons in sediments (µg/Kg) The concentration of poliaromatic hydrocarbons in sediments (µg/Kg) The concentration of total hydrocarbons in seawater (µg/L) and sediments (mg/Kg) The concentration of total hydrocarbons in seawater (µg/L) and sediments (mg/Kg) Bathing water quality (germs/100 ml) Bathing water quality (germs/100 ml)

8. Pressure Indicators: The total load of metals and organo-halogenated compounds (kg) The total load of metals and organo-halogenated compounds (kg) The total volume of total hydrocarbons annual loss (tones/year); The total volume of total hydrocarbons annual loss (tones/year); Contamination sources activity (pollutants quantity: tones/year) Contamination sources activity (pollutants quantity: tones/year) ISSUE: CONTAMINATION

9. Impact Indicators: The overall relative trend shown by bioaccumulation of substances or groups of substances in biota (heavy metals, pesticides, PAH, radionuclides etc) The overall relative trend shown by bioaccumulation of substances or groups of substances in biota (heavy metals, pesticides, PAH, radionuclides etc) Response Indicators: Environmental: The rate of restoration of baseline conditions concerning the level of pollutants in seawater. Environmental: The rate of restoration of baseline conditions concerning the level of pollutants in seawater. Human resources: numerical evolution of actively experts involved in pollution monitoring field Human resources: numerical evolution of actively experts involved in pollution monitoring field ISSUE: CONTAMINATION

10. ISSUE: EUTROPHICATION State Indicators : The total concentration of nitrogen (nitrite, nitrate, ammonia, organic nitrogen- µmol/l); The total concentration of nitrogen (nitrite, nitrate, ammonia, organic nitrogen- µmol/l); The total concentration of the phosphorus (orthophosphates, organic phosphorus - µmol/l); The total concentration of the phosphorus (orthophosphates, organic phosphorus - µmol/l); Nitrogen/Phosphorus ratio in water; Nitrogen/Phosphorus ratio in water; Silicon dissolved concentration (µmol/l); Silicon dissolved concentration (µmol/l); chlorophyll a concentration (µg/l); chlorophyll a concentration (µg/l); Phytoplankton: density (cells/l), biomass (mg/m 3 ); Phytoplankton: density (cells/l), biomass (mg/m 3 ); Trophyc zooplankton: density (specimens/m 3 ), biomass (mg/m 3 ); Trophyc zooplankton: density (specimens/m 3 ), biomass (mg/m 3 ); Zoobenthos: density (specimens/m 2 ), biomass (g/m 2 ) Zoobenthos: density (specimens/m 2 ), biomass (g/m 2 )

11. ISSUE: EUTROPHICATION Pressure Indicators: The load of total nitrogen and phosphorus (tones/year); The load of total nitrogen and phosphorus (tones/year); Impact Indicators: The algal blooms expressed as frequency/year and frequency x extent in km 2 /year The algal blooms expressed as frequency/year and frequency x extent in km 2 /year Unitary and total quantity of benthal dead organisms on coastal unit length (tones/Km) Unitary and total quantity of benthal dead organisms on coastal unit length (tones/Km) Response Indicators: Environmental: The rate of restoration expressed as a percentage of base level of total dissolved oxygen Environmental: The rate of restoration expressed as a percentage of base level of total dissolved oxygen Policy: The rate of progress in nutrient discharge control measures Policy: The rate of progress in nutrient discharge control measures Human resources: numerical evolution of actively experts involved in eutrophication field Human resources: numerical evolution of actively experts involved in eutrophication field

12. ISSUE: BIODIVERSITY AND HABITATS State Indicators: Species number of marine organisms by class and areals; Species number of marine organisms by class and areals; Number of the threatened marine species; Number of the threatened marine species; Habitats diversity (number, tips) Habitats diversity (number, tips) Pressure Indicators: Number of the exotic species; Number of the exotic species; Number of the marine comercial species; Number of the marine comercial species; Number of the antrophic activity with impact; Number of the antrophic activity with impact; Wet surfaces area (Km 2 ) Wet surfaces area (Km 2 )

13. Impact Indicators : Vulnerable species/total species ratio Vulnerable species/total species ratio Lost species/ total species ratio Lost species/ total species ratio Number of acclimatized species Number of acclimatized species Response Indicators : Environment: protected species/ total species ratio Environment: protected species/ total species ratio Environment: number of protected area/total coastal line ratio Environment: number of protected area/total coastal line ratio Policy: existence of management specific plans; Policy: existence of management specific plans; Policy: total expenses for protected area management Policy: total expenses for protected area management Human resources: numerical evolution of actively experts involved in biodiversity and habitats field Human resources: numerical evolution of actively experts involved in biodiversity and habitats field ISSUE: BIODIVERSITY AND HABITATS

14. ISSUE: MARINE LIVING RESOURCES State Indicators : Biomass of aquatic resources stocks under settlement fishing (tones); Biomass of aquatic resources stocks under settlement fishing (tones); Growing parameters and conditional factors; Growing parameters and conditional factors; Reproductive and stocks completion intensity; Reproductive and stocks completion intensity; Population structure Population structure Pressure Indicators : Environmental factors (abiotics, biotics); Environmental factors (abiotics, biotics); Fishing effort; Fishing effort; Total level of catch and landing per year (tones); Total level of catch and landing per year (tones); Total admissible catch (TAC - tones); Total admissible catch (TAC - tones); Mortality by fishing; Mortality by fishing; Natural mortality Natural mortality

15. ISSUE: MARINE LIVING RESOURCES Impact Indicators : Percentage of species with outside safety limits stocks; Percentage of species with outside safety limits stocks; Percentage of complimentary species; Percentage of complimentary species; Changes in structure by class size (age, length); Changes in structure by class size (age, length); Changes in catch by effort unity (average CPUE); Changes in catch by effort unity (average CPUE); Impact degree on habitats and sea mammals Impact degree on habitats and sea mammals Response Indicators : Number of the settlement stocks: fishing share, the effort control, TAC, times and fishing zones, expenses for stock monitoring, other instruments; Number of the settlement stocks: fishing share, the effort control, TAC, times and fishing zones, expenses for stock monitoring, other instruments; Growth of the species number under safety limits Growth of the species number under safety limits Production by mariculture; Production by mariculture; Number of threatened and reappeared species; Number of threatened and reappeared species; Number of new colonized and becomed resources species; Number of new colonized and becomed resources species; Human resources: numerical evolution of actively experts involved in marine living resources management field Human resources: numerical evolution of actively experts involved in marine living resources management field

16. ISSUE: COASTAL ZONE State Indicators: Annual/seasonal rates of coastal change at sea/shore interface; Annual/seasonal rates of coastal change at sea/shore interface; Erosion/accretion ratio; Erosion/accretion ratio; Evolution of environmental determinative factors (sea level, currents, winds, waves etc); Evolution of environmental determinative factors (sea level, currents, winds, waves etc); Indicators of specific contamination in functional zones; Indicators of specific contamination in functional zones; Indicators of eutrophication and contamination in continental surface and underground waters for coastal zone; Indicators of eutrophication and contamination in continental surface and underground waters for coastal zone; Indicators of biodiversity and habitats in coastal terrestrial zone; Indicators of biodiversity and habitats in coastal terrestrial zone; Indicators of resources (minerals and living) in coastal terrestrial zone; Indicators of resources (minerals and living) in coastal terrestrial zone; Landscape specific indicators in coastal zone; Landscape specific indicators in coastal zone; Social and economic indicators Social and economic indicators

17. ISSUE: COASTAL ZONE Pressure Indicators: Oil maritime traffic as income of oil tanks in ports and annual quantity of discharged oil products (tones); Number of accidental pollutions; Number of accidental pollutions; ; Number of foreigner tourist/ 100 inhabitants in coastal zone; Total quantity of used waters discharged in coastal zone (m 3 ); Total quantity of used waters discharged in coastal zone (m 3 ); Production of solid municipal/industrial waste (tones) Production of solid municipal/industrial waste (tones) Impact Indicators: Coastal erosion as percentage of coastal line affected of erosion; Build up coastal line/ natural coastal line; Bathing water quality as percentage of exceeding reference level Flood risk Flood risk

18. ISSUE: COASTAL ZONE Response Indicators: Policy: protected areas surface and their statute; Policy: protected areas surface and their statute; Policy: existing a national environmental plan/ sustainable development strategy; Policy: existing a national environmental plan/ sustainable development strategy; Policy: existing the assessment programmes of pollutants discharge; Policy: existing the assessment programmes of pollutants discharge; Policy: equipage level of ports with treatment plants; Policy: equipage level of ports with treatment plants; Policy: public expenses for touristical sites protection; Policy: public expenses for touristical sites protection; Human resources: numerical evolution of actively experts involved in integrated coastal zone management field Human resources: numerical evolution of actively experts involved in integrated coastal zone management field