1. 1 ASSESSMENT OF FIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR MITIGATING ARSENIC IN BANGLADESH WELL WATER ETV-AM Environmental Technology Verification – Arsenic Mitigation Based on an Agreement Between the Governments of Canada and Bangladesh Funded by CIDA (Canadian International Development Agency) A Four Year Program Delivered by Ontario Centre for Environmental Technology Advancement www.oceta.on.ca

2. 2 The ETV-AM Process Screened 25/35 vendor technologies Selected 5 technologies None of the proponents had sufficient scientific test data for verification of performance claims. ETV-AM field tested each technology at 5 wells in Bangladesh Technology Screening Technology Specific Test Field Testing Provisional Verification Deployment Rejection of Performance Claims Monitoring 1)Bacteriological Findings 2)Waste Issues 1)Social Issues 2)Fiscal Outcomes Final Verification Report (Arsenic) Recommendations to the Government of Bangladesh Supervised by ETV-AM Technical Advice from ETV-AM Technology With Sufficient Field Data Acceptance of Technology Specific Test Plan (Provisional Verification Report>>Government of Bangladesh)

3. 3 Preparation SITES: 5 hydrogeologically different regions in Bangladesh TSTPs: Technology-Specific Test Plans WELL CHARACTERIZATION: Chemical analysis of wells to identify water matrices that challenge the proponent’s performance claims. Field Test Methodology

4. 4 Field test goal: Show what volume (liters) of water the technology unit can produce, until media breakthrough, meeting the Bangladesh drinking water standard of < 50 ppb for total arsenic 20 day 1 verification test: At/near maximum production rate, until breakthrough, or until the end of 20 days Influent and effluent is analysed Waste is analysed for chemical data and estimated volume 1 Testing duration was extended, in some cases, to reach media exhaustion Execution of Field Tests

5. 5 Quality Control Testing agencies trained Round robin testing of laboratories Chain of custody used Sample preservation temperature and time met Blind and duplicate samples – QC testing Reference laboratories used A Canadian lab QA/QC expert retained by ETV-AM concluded that the local labs performed the analyses satisfactorily.

6. 6 Third Party Verification CHECKLIST: Performance Claim and Supporting Information Operating principles of the technology are described and have a sound scientific basis The parties involved in the project are technically qualified and independent of each other – this applies to the proponent, the test agency, the analytical laboratory and the verification entity. The test data is credible and complete, with evidence of compliance with the QA plan and the TSTP (Technology Specific Test Plan) Verification applies to the individual technology operated at the individual well, with its specific water characteristics. For these operating conditions, only, the effluent arsenic data is used to derive the media lifespan [cumulative volume of treated water]. This Performance Claim is proven statistically, at the 95% confidence level. When these conditions are met, the performance claim is said to be verified. In addition, on the basis of expert judgment rather than statistically- based proof, additional observations are made on performance characteristics.

7. 7 Summary Table of Performance and Technology Cost Technology NameLocationInfluent Arsenic (ppb) Flow rate (L/min) Volume of Treated Water(L) before attaining “Breakthrough” (Shortest and Longest) Life Span (Days) Capital Cost Claimed by Proponent (Tk.) MAGC/ALCAN Manikganj 532 1.34 58*1 1,950 Faridpur 367 3.2 8,451*187 READ-FHajigonj 509 1.0 7,778*172 3,000 Faridpur 313 0.66 ≥ 53,280**1184 SONO 45-25Hajigonj 294 0.27 251*5 600 Faridpur 304 0.22 ≥ 12660**281

8. 8 Summary Table of Performance and Technology Cost Technology Name LocationInfluent Arsenic (ppb) Flow rate (L/min) Volume of Treated Water(L) before attaining “Breakthrough” (Shortest & Longest) Life Span (Days ) Capital Cost Claimed by the Manufacturers (Tk.) TETRATREATManikganj 480 1.37 2,389*5 15,000 Nawabganj 576 1.8 5,847*12 AdsorpAs®- SIDKO Hajigonj 372 5.35 27,537*12 228,000 Nawabganj 534 3.47 238,156*106

9. 9 Verification SONO 45-25 Verified Performance Statement: For the well locations cited in Column 1, the SONO 45-25 Technology was able to produce the cumulative liters of water cited in Column 2, with 95% confidence, to below 50 ppb. EFFLUENT |INFLUENT

10. 10 Verification SIDKO Verified Performance Statement: For the well locations cited in Column 1, the AdsorpAs ® Granular Ferric Hydroxide Technology was able to produce the cumulative liters of water cited in Column 2, with 95% confidence, to below 50 ppb. EFFLUENT |INFLUENT

11. 11 Verification MAGC/ALCAN Verified Performance Statement: For the well locations cited in Column 1, the MAGC/ALCAN Technology was able to produce the cumulative liters of water cited in Column 2, with 95% confidence, to below 50 ppb. EFFLUENT |INFLUENT

12. 12 Verification READ-F Verified Performance Statement: For the well locations cited in Column 1, the READ-F Technology was able to produce the cumulative liters of water cited in Column 2, with 95% confidence, to below 50 ppb. EFFLUENT |INFLUENT

13. 13 General Findings from the Field Tests Where a technology did not reach breakthrough in the 20 day test, and the last data point was (…liters) All technologies removed arsenic to < 50 ppb, providing at least 45 liters in a 12 hour day [cooking and drinking water for a rural family of 5] However, most technologies did not meet their stated performance claims for media life. Groundwater composition, e.g. phosphate concentration, had a significant effect on the media life of a given technology. None of the spent filter media can be classified as hazardous waste according to the US-EPA guideline. Tests included : -Toxicity Characterization Leaching Procedure (TCLP) -Dutch Total Available Leaching Procedure (TALP) Modified Version (modified TCLP with rainwater)

14. 14 READ-F MAGC/ALCAN Sono 45-25 Sidko The Provisionally Verified Arsenic Removal Technologies

15. 15 The Provisional Verification Certificate Issued by BCSIR * to a Proponent that passes field testing and verification Certifies that a specific technology has been field tested under the ETV-AM Program, and its performance is verified. States that technology must be deployed under the terms and conditions stated in the Condition for Deployment. The conditions for Deployment are provided on the back of the Certificate itself. *BCSIR Bangladesh Council for Scientific and Industrial Research is the government appointed Verification Entity. ETV-AM has a mandate to build capacity in Bangladesh, and is assisted by Dhaka-based expert advisors.

16. 16 Provisional Verification Successful proponents will be permitted to sell their technology in Bangladesh initially on a “provisional” basis, for 2 years. Purpose of Provisional Period: To allow for a period of technology monitoring, under a range of well water conditions, and for a longer period, prior to conferring “ full” verification