2. -Types of Solutions -Facilitated Diffusion -Active Transport

3. 1. What is diffusion? 2. What is osmosis? 3. Draw a picture of the same concentration of solutes inside a cell as outside a cell. 4. Draw a hyper person. Have data out and ready to hand in

4.  Is also IMPERMEABLE to sucrose…  Which is good, because I made a bunch of sucrose solutions of different concentrations, and I can’t remember which is which.

5.  Objective:To determine which of the unknown solutions is High, Medium and Low concentration.  Purpose: To observe the process of osmosis first hand and to use this process to understand how dialysis works.

6.  3 Unknown colored solutions (High, Med and Low Concentration)  Water (150 mL)  3 beakers*  3 pieces of dialysis tubing*  3 pipettes  Scissors  Scale  Paper towel  PROCEDURES: Watch demo, and write down procedures

7.  Lab Title: Osmosis Lab (+ catchy title)  Problem/Question: Does ______________ of _________ in the bag affect the final ________ of the bag in ___ after in soaks in water.  Hypoth:  if _________________ (color solution) has (highest/lowest solute concentration) relative to the  Then _________________  As measured by __________

8. COLORINITIALFINALDifferenceHigh/Low /Med Red Blue Yellow Diagram: Draw all 3 set ups at the start of the experiment and 15 minutes later. -Include particulate drawings showing H20, and sucrose molecules. -Label the solute and the solvent. -Use arrows to show the flow of water

9.  Materials:  Procedures:   Data Table:  Qual. Observations  Graph: line/bar  Conclusion

11.  Iso – same  Hypo – Low  Hyper – High  Tonic – Liquid/Solution

12.  Hyper= more/too much  Higher concentration solution outside the cell

13.  Iso= same  Same concentration outside the cell as inside

14.  Hypo= less/too little  Lower concentration solution outside the cell

15.  Oxygen and Carbon dioxide enter and leave the cell through simple diffusion

16.  Small unpolarized (not ions) molecules can pass through the cell membrane without a protein channel.

17.  Lets revisit our salt water example  According to simple diffusion, draw what will happen here.

18.  The solute will spread out until it is evenly dispersed.

19.  Draw what happens to a cell with lots of solute in it, dropped in a beaker of pure H 2 O? Remember that the cell membrane is permeable to water but not solutes.

20.  Water follows solute into the cell… and the cell swells up.

21.  If it swells up too much, the cell can burst if the membrane gets pulled apart.

22.  FACILITATED DIFFUSION  (another easy way – NO energy required!) Glucose, sodium ions and chloride ions  molecules Glucose, sodium ions and chloride ions need help (facilitated) getting across membrane  Carrier proteins help

26.  Energy  Energy (ATP) required for movement. AGAINST  Solutes are moved AGAINST the concentration gradient. (from low to high conc.)

27.  Look back at your notes for Passive and Active Transport.  List two differences between passive transport and active transport.  Name one thing they have in common!

28.  Differences  Active Uses ATP- This is the energy source for the cell.  Active goes against the gradient  Similar  Both have carrier proteins  Both move molecules that cannot go through the membrane on their own

29.  Endocytosis- cell takes in substances  Exocytosis- cell releases substances (out)  ACTIVE TRANSPORT – requires ATP (energy)

30.  A portion of the cell membrane surrounds the desired molecule outside the cell.  The cell membrane rejoins pinching off a sac-like organelle called a vesicle.  There are 2 types of endocytosis: phagocytosis and pinocytosis.

31.  The reverse of endocytosis  Wastes and cell products are packaged by the golgi body in sacs called vesicles.  These vesicles fuse with the cell membrane and the materials are secreted out of the cell.

32. Cellular Transport Requires ______

33. Cellular Transport Requires ______ Passive Transport: Diffusion: Osmosis: Hypertonic solution: Hypotonic solution: Isotonic solution: Facilitated diffusion: Glucose transport: Active Transport: Na+/K+ Pump: Osmosis Facilitated Diffusion Glucose transport Hypertonic Hypotonic Isotonic Oxygen & Carbon Dioxide Diffusion Transport PASSIVE Endocytosis Exocytosis ACTIVE Proteins and ATP Na+/K+ Pump Moves with gradient Moves against gradient ATP

34. Your Crazy Study Page For Mon’ Test Don’t forget: Draw a phospholipid bilayer with proteins and carbohydrates (& their functions) Solution: Solute-particle Solvent-liquid DiffusionOsmosis Passive vs. Active ENDO EXO

35. 1. What is the difference between active and passive transport? 2. LIST 2 kinds of passive transport. 3. With a concentration gradient, molecules move from areas of ____ concentration to areas of ____ conc. 4. During osmosis, if there is more salt inside the cell than outside, which way would water move?