1. High speed DSP for infrared space camera Martin Grim

2. Contents SRON and the Space Kids Consortium SRON and the Space Kids Consortium Context Context Kinetic Inductance Detector Kinetic Inductance Detector Read-out principle Read-out principle System architecture System architecture Software Softwarewww.spacekids.euwww.sron.nlwww.facebook.com/sron.nl 2

3. SRON and Space Kids consortium SRON SRON ̶ One of 8 Scientific Institutes of NWO ̶ Scientific research in and from outer space ̶ Astrophysics, exo planets, earth and climate ̶ Instrument realization from start to finish Space Kids consortium Space Kids consortium 3

4. AimValley Telecomm supplier Telecomm supplier Services in architecture, design, implementation and test Services in architecture, design, implementation and test Very experienced in high speed systems Very experienced in high speed systems 4

5. Context Why infrared? Why infrared? ̶ Research into star, galaxy and planet formation  Star formation only visible as glowing dust ̶ Research into the young universe (approx 600·10 6 years old)  Expanding universe leads to red shift (towards infrared) Big questions Big questions 5 What is the universe made of and how does it evolve? How do galaxies, starts and planets form and evolve? Are we alone?

6. Orion 6

7. Future (IR) space instruments Extremely cold primary mirror (4 K) Extremely cold primary mirror (4 K) Extremely sensitive detector Extremely sensitive detector Dedicated detector read-out Dedicated detector read-out ̶ Low noise ̶ High speed ̶ High multiplex factor 7 SPICA (launch 2025?)

8. Kinetic Inductance Detector 8

9. 0.1 mm Ground plane No radiation absorption Antenna In lens focus Al central line Radiation absorbed Resonator Length sets F 0 5mm = 6 GHz Feedline Connects all KIDs to readout Lens Si lenses @ chip back 1 mm Current pixel design

10. 10 Kinetic Inductance Detector Very sensitive super conducting radiation detector Very sensitive super conducting radiation detector ̶ operate at 100-300 mK ̶ resonance changes due to incoming radiation ̶ measure change in amplitude/phase of carrier ̶ all carriers for all KID simultaneously present Radiation Si Lens 21 12 Readout signal ~GHz

11. KID read-out KID read-out ̶ integration of signal read from all detectors ̶ FFT on integrated signal ̶ Masking to select the bins which correspond to a KID resonance 11 KID read-out system

12. Readout principle 12

13. High level requirements carriers 2000 (pixels) carriers 2000 (pixels) blind carriers10% blind carriers10% data points2 16 or 2 19 complex points data points2 16 or 2 19 complex points analog bandwidth2.0 GHz analog bandwidth2.0 GHz sampling speed2.0 Gs/s per channel (I, Q) sampling speed2.0 Gs/s per channel (I, Q) frame averages24 or 192 (2 16 vs 2 19 ) frame averages24 or 192 (2 16 vs 2 19 ) system noise to carrier ratio94 dBc/Hz system noise to carrier ratio94 dBc/Hz ̶ DAC, ADC, CLK, PSU, RF RF, DACs, ADCs synchronizedexternal 2.0 GHz clock RF, DACs, ADCs synchronizedexternal 2.0 GHz clock FFT:160 or 1280 Hz (2 19 vs 2 16 ) FFT:160 or 1280 Hz (2 19 vs 2 16 ) 13

14. Chosen system COTS hardware COTS hardware FMC and Virtex7 technology FMC and Virtex7 technology QDR2 memory QDR2 memory Full integration Full integration Focus on firmware/DSP Focus on firmware/DSP ̶ PC based SW control ̶ Science pipe line 14

15. Space KIDs prototype system 15

16. Space KIDs readout hardware 16

17. RF electronics Convert to 4-8 GHz range Convert to 4-8 GHz range ̶ preferably tuneable baseband amplifier ̶ synchronized to DAC/ADC clock 17 4.5 K 20dB 3 dB 100 mK ~ ADC2 Q ADC1 I 20dB LO 6 GHz Mixer DAC2 Q DAC1 I combiner 0 – 2 GHz amplifier 4–8 GHz LNA 5-7 GHz cryo LNA 4K 4-8 GHz BP filter 0-0.612 GHz IQ upconverter IQ downconverter RF Hybrid 300 K tuneable attenuator I in Q in I out Q out Digital Board Analog Board 1000-2000 KID pixels input coax output coax Detector cryostat 90°

18. Current implementation In firmware In firmware ̶ Carrier comb processing ̶ WOLA performed ̶ FFT performed ̶ Carrier select Command and Control Command and Control ̶ SRON generic instrument control software  Control of hardware  Control of measurement  Displaying (level 0/1) science data  Displaying health 18

19. Software: today and future Carrier comb Carrier comb ̶ Python science control software (offline, PC)  Find KIDs in spectrum: 2 nd derivative, check against threshold  Calibrate signal:remove modulated carriers, flatten base  Calibrate ADC and DAC frequency dependent gain  Calibrate I-Q phase difference  Deal with strong and weak sources Space System: Space System: ̶ Perform the above in embedded system (semi real-time) ̶ Add  Low power, low memory, low μP performance  Static memory allocation  Lossless data compression  Fault management  Redundancy  (near) 100% code coverage 19

20. Space KIDs: the future Finish current research Finish current research Investigate migration to space-like system Investigate migration to space-like system Investigate embedded processing Investigate embedded processing Investigate alternatives for WOLA and FFT Investigate alternatives for WOLA and FFT Go to TRL 5 or 6 within 2-3 years? Go to TRL 5 or 6 within 2-3 years? 20

21. Space Instrument Follow Space KIDs mission opportunities Follow Space KIDs mission opportunities Extremely large projects Extremely large projects Extremely long projects (10-12 years) Extremely long projects (10-12 years) European consortium of scientific institutes and industry European consortium of scientific institutes and industry Chances for Dutch Industry and Scientific Community! Chances for Dutch Industry and Scientific Community! 21

22. Questions 22