1. The Black Death EXPLAIN THIS!

2. Plague Vocabulary (from video) Black Death, also called Bubonic Plague, The Pestilence, or The Plague Pandemic Yersinia Pestis Mongols, Genovese Buboes and acral necrosis Boccaccio Flagellant Amelioration of the peasants

3. YOUTUBE: The Black Death History Teachers use Gwen Stefani’s Hollaback Girl to explain this pandemic: Oo-oo Fleas on Rats! A longer documentary: History’s Turning Points: AD 1347 The Black Death

4. What was the Black Death? Synonyms (for research purposes) The Plague The Bubonic Plague The Pestilence ___________________________ Reading from Source 1: Bishop, Morris. The Horizon Book of the Middle Ages. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1968.

5. BIG Questions: How have people explained this pandemic? How did it spread so fast and so far, so quickly?

6. YOUR QUESTIONS: How did people of the Medieval Times explain it? What were some of the medieval accounts? How do Scientists explain it? How does Social Studies (that is, Geographers and Historians) explain it? How can Mathematicians help us to understand it?

7. What was the Black Death? October 1347 12 Italian ships returned to Messina from Russian Crimea Sailors were dying on board Townspeople ordered ships to leave Residents fled, spreading Plague Spread through Sicily to Italy & France Source 1

8. What was the Black Death? Bacilli in fleas ’ stomachs blocks normal feeding Tries to feed on black rats Infects rat with bacilli Also feeds on humans Source 1, continued

9. Yersinia pestis (Y. pestis) bacilli Today, some historians and doctors dispute the long-held theories about rats and fleas

10. What is the Black Death? Plague bacilli in human bloodstream settle in lymph glands Result in hemorrhages in blood vessel walls Dark patches on the skin Tongue turns black Swellings (buboes) under arms, in groin Death usually in 3 days Source 1, continued

11. Ring Around the Rosie Ring around the rosie A pocketful of posie Hush-a, hush-a We all fall down. ------------------------ “ ring around rosie ” = skin rash Posie = flowers to fight infection Fall down = die

12. The Black Death moved in waves …

13. The Black Death in Dorset June 1348: came first to England by port of Weymouth in Dorset People left villages Disease spread over large area of county to cities Rats and fleas “ thrived in unsanitised conditions ” Source 2

14. What is the Black Death? Dirty towns with rats got the worst of it Doctors and priests couldn ’ t do anything Animals got sick too Society changed as people left their friends, family, work, homes Source 1, continued

15. The Black Death in Florence

16. Life in the Towns Crowded with people and houses Animals roamed streets and lived with families in winter Streets had no room, poor lighting, and sewage running down them Animal manure and garbage were common sights – smelly Flies, rodents, etc. Source 3

17. Epidemic: The Black Death People blamed many things: Foul air A look from someone who was sick God ’ s anger Lungs infected – bacteria spread with sneezing Finally, millions died of the Black Death Source 3: Peters

18. Other problems … Weather turned cold Floods, early snows, late frosts. earthquakes Less fertile land, crop failures Diseased and dying animals Less food and items for keeping warm Wars Famine, sickness More rodents Source 3: Peters

19. Who or what to blame? Things celestial, terrestrial, or miasmatic, that is, vaporous (*as in the foul vapours from a swamp) Winds, swamps, lack of sun Filth, dead bodies Indulgence – foods, sins Planetary movements Cripples, nobles, Jews … Source 4: Encyc of P & P

20. (A) Medieval Explanations 3People blamed many things: foul air, a look from someone who was sick, God ’ s anger 4Things celestial, terrestrial, or miasmatic, that is, vaporous (*as in the foul vapours from a swamp) 4Winds, swamps, lack of sun 4Filth, dead bodies 4Indulgence – foods, sins 4Planetary movements 4Cripples, nobles, Jews …

21. (B) Geographic Explanations 1 October 1347: 12 Italian ships returned to Messina from Russian Crimea 1 Spread through Sicily to Italy & France 2 June 1348: came first to England by port of Weymouth in Dorset 2 People left villages; disease spread over large area of county to cities 3 Weather turned cold 3 Floods, snow, earthquakes

22. (C) Factors of sanitation and hygeine 3Towns were crowded 3Sewage ran down streets; manure piled …

23. Sources 1.Bishop, Morris. The Horizon Book of the Middle Ages. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1968. 2.“ The Black Death in Weymouth & Portland, Dorset. ” Weymouth & Portland Borough Council. 2005. 12 Nov 2006. www.weymouth.gov.uk/main.asp?svid=769 www.weymouth.gov.uk/main.asp?svid=769 3.Peters, Stephanie True. Epidemic! The Black Death. Tarrytown, NY: Benchmark, 2005. 4.“ Black Death. ” Encyclopedia of Plague and Pestilence: From Ancient Times to the Present. George Childs Kohn, Ed. New York: Checkmark, 2001.

24. Works Cited Bishop, Morris. The Horizon Book of the Middle Ages. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1968. “ Black Death. ” Encyclopedia of Plague and Pestilence: From Ancient Times to the Present. George Childs Kohn, Ed. New York: Checkmark, 2001. “ The Black Death in Weymouth & Portland, Dorset. ” Weymouth & Portland Borough Council. 2005. 12 Nov 2006. www.weymouth.gov.uk/main.asp?svid=769 www.weymouth.gov.uk/main.asp?svid=769 Peters, Stephanie True. Epidemic! The Black Death. Tarrytown, NY: Benchmark, 2005.

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