1. Week 10: Journalism 2001 November 12, 2007

3. Review of last week’s news Hard News: Hard News: (murders, city council, government, etc.) –Major local stories –Major national/international stories –Major sports stories Soft News: Soft News: (retirements, school programs, human interest) –Local stories –National/international stories –Sports stories

4. Announcements Next week we’ll review final project Next week we’ll review final project –Bring copies of stories to upload to eportfolio Election coverage Election coverage –If helped gather votes, send me your short reflections on the experience –Will post on website

5. Photos by Nikki Haenke

10. Sports story review More impressive stories! More impressive stories! Easier when have exciting game/match to cover Easier when have exciting game/match to cover Remember that the score is the “what happened” for a sports story Remember that the score is the “what happened” for a sports story Quotes strongest high in story Quotes strongest high in story Background information helpful Background information helpful Watch tense Watch tense –Team: its or their? Style errors: Style errors: –Time element –numerals

11. Karen Diver Story Review Strong stories, with excellent use of quotes Strong stories, with excellent use of quotes What did you think of Karen Diver? What did you think of Karen Diver? Style errors: Style errors: –Spelling of name –Numerals –Quote punctuation Need background information Need background information Touch to keep story to 350-400 words! Touch to keep story to 350-400 words!

12. Karen Diver, the first woman chair of the Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa, spoke over her life and the issues facing her tribe to an audience of over 50 Monday night in the Kirby Ballroom. The first woman chair of the Fond du Lac Band of Superior Chippewa, Karen Diver, visited the University of Minnesota Duluth Monday night to give a speech on her personal perspective of the best practices in governance and economic development. Karen Diver, a woman of devotion and hope for the interests of Minnesota’s Indian community, spoke to an audience on Monday night as the first ever chairwoman of the Fond du Lac Band of Minnesota Chippewas. UMD alumna Karen Diver, the first woman chair of the Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa, spoke at the UMD Ballroom about her amazing struggle to become a leader in the Indian community.

13. Upcoming stories Sports Reporting Assignment Sports Reporting Assignment –Tonight: Edit stories in class, put up on website Community Journalism Assignment Community Journalism Assignment –Final article due: November 19 Feature Story Assignment: Feature Story Assignment: –Story pitch due: November 14 –First draft due: November 26 –Final article due: December 10

14. Which is the correct way to punctuate a quote? 1. “Blah blah blah,” he said. 2. “Blah blah blah”, he said. 3. “Blah blah blah” he said.

15. Which is the correct dateline? 1. SUPERIOR, WI. - 2. Superior, WI - 3. SUPERIOR, Wis. -

16. The meeting is at _______. 1. 7 pm 2. 7 p.m. 3. 7 P.M.

17. The meeting was in Duluth _____. 1. City Hall 2. City hall 3. city hall

18. The meeting was held _______. 1. Nov. 29 2. November 29 3. 29 November

19. She lives in __________. 1. Cook, MN. 2. Cook, Minn. 3. Cook, Minnesota

20. ________ Jane Doe was charged with burglary. 1. 30-year-old 2. Thirty-year-old 3. 30 year old

21. The victory was number ______ for the coach. 1. 400 2. four hundred 3. four hundred (300)

22. The new house is located at _____. 1. 505 N. Eighth Ave. W. 2. 505 N. 8th Ave. W. 3. 505 North 8th Avenue West

23. Let’s brainstorm more feature ideas

25. Chapter 24: In-depth & Investigative Reporting In-depth article In-depth article –Goes beyond a basic news story –Detailed information on subject –Investigative articles –Civic “watchdogs” –Months or years to complete –Need to remain focused

26. Reporter as investigator Dig beneath the surface Dig beneath the surface Subject important, significant Subject important, significant Original work, not a handout Original work, not a handout Go beyond the news release Go beyond the news release “Smelling” a story “Smelling” a story

27. Steps in gathering information 1. Conducting research –Introduces a reporter to the language of a complex topic –Helps reporters find sources from different stories –Helps to formulate a list of questions –Provides other articles written on the same topic –Uncovers good/bad things to look for in interviews –Sources of information: Internet, newspaper library, databases

28. 2. Interviewing –Talk to everyone you can –Interview as long as you can –Ask sources for names of additional sources –Know the answers to incriminating questions before you ask them –Use a tape recorder for in-depth or particularly sensitive interviews –Interviews from the outside in –Smoking-gun interviews –Double-checks and triple-checks –Confidential sources

29. Writing an in-depth story Finding the right lead Finding the right lead –Summary lead –Lead block and nut graph Use bulleted paragraphs to summarize findings Use bulleted paragraphs to summarize findings Use anecdotes and observations Use anecdotes and observations Finding the thread Finding the thread Writing a first-person article Writing a first-person article

31. Chapter 26: Law First Amendment First Amendment First Amendment First Amendment Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. — The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution

32. Reporters and their sources Shield Laws Shield Laws –Statutory laws to protect reporters from revealing sources –Each state has different interpretation –What does Minnesota have?

33. Fair trial vs. free press Conflict between First Amendment and Sixth Amendment Conflict between First Amendment and Sixth Amendment –Sixth amendment: Rights of the accused to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury Why would there be a conflict? Why would there be a conflict? Jury Duty Jury Duty

34. Where to learn more Minnesota statutes Minnesota statutes Minnesota statutes Minnesota statutes U.S. Supreme Court U.S. Supreme Court U.S. Supreme Court U.S. Supreme Court Federal circuit courts Federal circuit courts Federal circuit courts Federal circuit courts Online legal research Online legal research Online legal research Online legal research

35. Libel Libel: Communication of false information that damages an individual in his or her profession, business or calling. Libel: Communication of false information that damages an individual in his or her profession, business or calling. –Six requirements for libel action:  Publication  Identification  Defamatory nature of the story  Proof of falsity  Proof of fault  Actual damage to reputation

36. “Red Flag” Words: Libel & Privacy adulteryblackmail confidence man drunkard AIDSblockheadcorruptionex-convict alcoholicbooze-houndcowardfraud altered records briberycrook gambling den Ambulance chaser brotheldeadbeatgangster Atheist buys votes deadheadgay bad moral character cheatsdefaultergraft Bankrupt child abuse divorced groveling office seeker bigamistcollusiondouble-crossedherpes blacklisted con artist drug abuser hit-man

37. hypocritemanipulaterape/rapist stool pigeon illegitimate mental illness scam stuffed the ballot box illicit relation mobsterscandalmongersuicide incompetent moral delinquency scoundrelswindle infidelitymouthpieceseducertaken informerNeo-Nazi sharp dealing thief insider trading paramourshysterunethical intimate peeping Tom slacker unmarried mother intoleranceperjurer smooth and tricky unprofessional Jekyll-Hyde personality plagiaristsmuggler unsound mind kept woman pockets public funds sneaky unworthy of credit Ku Klux Klan price cutter sold influence vice den liarprofiteering sold out villain Mafiaprostitutespy fawning sycophant

38. Classes of libelous words Words imputing the commission of a criminal offense Words imputing the commission of a criminal offenseAvoid: John Doe was taken into custody Wednesday for murdering Sally Smith Tuesday night. Better: John Doe was taken into custody Wednesday in connection with (or in the investigation of) the Tuesday night slaying of Sally Smith.

39. Words that impute infection with a loathsome communicable disease of any kind that would tend to exclude one from society. Words that impute infection with a loathsome communicable disease of any kind that would tend to exclude one from society. Is this news?: John Doe, who was elected Wednesday to be president of the local chapter of the Fellowship of Christian Athletes, was treated last summer for a venereal disease, the Daily Bugle has learned.

40. Words that impute inability to perform, or want of integrity in the discharge of, duties of office or employment. Words that impute inability to perform, or want of integrity in the discharge of, duties of office or employment. Don’t write: Public school groundskeeper John Doe is unfit by temperament and intelligence to adequately perform his duties, sources who wish to remain anonymous said Wednesday. Words that prejudice a particular person in his or her profession or trade. Words that prejudice a particular person in his or her profession or trade. Don’t write: Attorney John Doe, who will represent the widow in the embezzlement case, is the most incompetent lawyer in town, according to courthouse observers.

41. Defamation by implication Implication created by the reporter’s organization of facts. Implication created by the reporter’s organization of facts. John Jones was seen entering the Shady Oaks motel yesterday with a woman. The motel is located in a known prostitution area.

42. Quotations Reporter/news medium must assume responsibility for the statement if it is used Reporter/news medium must assume responsibility for the statement if it is used –The fact that information was provided by a source does not necessarily mean that it is correct. –Beware of off-the-record tips passed along by sources, even high-ranking officials or law enforcement officers.  Don’t write: Police said that the alleged crook is in custody.  Instead: Police said that the man charged with the crime is in custody.

43. Defenses against libel Conditional defenses Conditional defenses –Privilege of reporting: Fair, accurate reporting of official proceedings –Fair comment and criticism: Applies to opinions about matters of public concern –Neutral reportage: Report charges made by one responsible person or organization about another when both parties are involved in a public controversy

44. Absolute libel defenses Statute of limitations Statute of limitations –Two years in Minnesota Truth Truth Privilege of participant Privilege of participant –Participants in official proceedings Consent or authorization Consent or authorization Self-defense or right of reply Self-defense or right of reply

45. Partial defenses Publication of a retraction: Clear admission of erroneous reporting Publication of a retraction: Clear admission of erroneous reporting Facts showing no gross negligence or ill will Facts showing no gross negligence or ill will Facts showing that the reporter relied on a usually reliable source Facts showing that the reporter relied on a usually reliable source

46. The actual malice standard The New York Times rule The New York Times rule –New York Times Co. v. Sullivan: 1964  Supreme Court: To collect damages, a public official would have to prove the defendant acted with “actual malice;” knowledge that it was false or with reckless disregard of whether it was false or not. –1967: Supreme Court said that public figures, in addition to public officials, also have to show actual malice to recover libel damages. Bottom line: More protection from libel action if plaintiff is a public person.

47. Libel in cyberspace Distributor vs. publisher Distributor vs. publisher 1996: Communications Decency Act 1996: Communications Decency Act –Protects online service providers from liability for publication of defamatory material

48. Checklist for dealing with libel Be aggressive – but don’t take foolish risks Be aggressive – but don’t take foolish risks Be fair – keep an open mind Be fair – keep an open mind Seek advice if you are unsure of your turf Seek advice if you are unsure of your turf

51. Out-of-Class Assignments Due today: News Release rewrites! Due today: News Release rewrites! –Email: lkragnes@d.umn.edu lkragnes@d.umn.edu Due 11/19: Red Lake Cartoon Reaction article Due 11/19: Red Lake Cartoon Reaction article

52. In-Class Assignment Editing classmate story Editing classmate story –Make changes, give to reporter –Editing form returned to me: Worth 5 points Rewrite sports stories Rewrite sports stories –Using all of the editing suggestions, rewrite/edit your story –Email final copy to: lkragnes@d.umn.edu lkragnes@d.umn.edu  Worth 5 points –Stories will be posted on class website Next week: Sarah Doty guest speaker Next week: Sarah Doty guest speaker –Sarah is a senior minoring in journalism who interned last summer at the Duluth News-Tribune –Interview her 11/19 for in-class assignment –Post 2 questions for Sarah on class website: –http://blog.lib.umn.edu/lkragnes/jour2001fall2007/ http://blog.lib.umn.edu/lkragnes/jour2001fall2007

53. Egradebook Doublecheck assignments correct in egradebook: Doublecheck assignments correct in egradebook: –http://www.d.umn.edu/egradebook http://www.d.umn.edu/egradebook

54. Portfolio Store academic information on your Electronic Portfolio. Each student has 100 mb of storage. Store academic information on your Electronic Portfolio. Each student has 100 mb of storage. Access Electronic Portfolio at: https://portfolio.umn.edu/portfolio/index.j sp Access Electronic Portfolio at: https://portfolio.umn.edu/portfolio/index.j sp https://portfolio.umn.edu/portfolio/index.j sp https://portfolio.umn.edu/portfolio/index.j sp