1. LATIF KALIN Associate professor GRAEME LOCKABY Professor CHRIS ANDERSON Associate Professor SCHOOL OF FORESTRY & WILDLIFE SCIENCES CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AT THE URBAN-RURAL INTERFACE Water Quality as a Nexus between Land Use/Cover and Infectious Diseases

2. Center for Environmental Studies at the Urban- Rural Interface

3. Forecasted change in the proportion of counties in forest land use for 1992-2020 (“Southern forest resource assessment”) Forecasted change in the proportion of counties in urban land use for 1992-2020 Providence Canyon, GA

4. Consequences of Land Use/Cover Changes Land Use Geomorphology Hydrology Chemistry Resources Increased temperature Decreased dissolved oxygen Increased nutrients Burial/loss of substrate Increased tolerant species Decreased sensitive species Decreased species richness

5. Sediment: 2-5x increase  Nitrate (NO3): 2-7x increase  Phosphorus: 1-9x increase  Fecal coliform: 4-10x increase  E. coli: 6x increase  Pesticides – present in 1/3 of urban streams (Weston et al. 2011)  Pharmaceuticals – present in 80-90% of urban streams (Kolpin et al. 2008) Sewer discharge - Coosa River Increases in % impervious surface within watershed are linked to increased concentrations of: Fish Health - Urban Site

6. West Nile Virus Landscape factors  Forest characteristics  urban hydrology  corvid habitat (reservoir)  socioeconomics Culex sp. mosquitoes – vectors  mosquito habitat  Nutrients in water WNV human cases in 2012 for the United States

7. 7 PO 4 NO 3 NH 4 Pupa Larva Adult females Pupation time (females) Adult males Pupation time (males) + + - - + + + + - - - +

8. 8 QUESTIONS ?