1. Can H2 be part of the game? Session 7: Industry of Energy Generation, Storage and Distribution (20 June) 1 Industrial Technologies 2012, Aarhus, 19-21 June 2012 Léopold Demiddeleer, SOLVAY SA

2. Facts and figures 2 Industrial Technologies 2012, Aarhus, 19-21 June 2012 Léopold Demiddeleer, SOLVAY SA

3. Industrial Technologies 2012, Aarhus, 19-21 June 2012 Léopold Demiddeleer, SOLVAY SA Energy supply to change within one generation… 3

4. local grid 10 households Dynamic energy management is already a challenge.. single household nation-wide grid (Germany) Source: G. Erdmann,TU Berlin 4 Industrial Technologies 2012, Aarhus, 19-21 June 2012 Léopold Demiddeleer, SOLVAY SA

5. Industrial Technologies 2012, Aarhus, 19-21 June 2012 Léopold Demiddeleer, SOLVAY SA Renewable energy production will make harder … 5

6. H2 makes sense … Redox flow batteriesRegenerative fuel cell Mass specific energy density [Wh/kg] 10 - 3033300* Volume specific energy density [Wh/l] 10 - 30100-150 @ 10-20 bar 400-1000 @ 200-300 bar Storage medialiquidgas efficiency0.7-0.80.55-0.65 Electrodegraphitegraphite, Ru, Ir, Rh, Pt corrosion of oxygen electrode Electrolytevanadium, polysulfide-bromine KOH 30%, membrane Applicationstationarymobile, stationary * Mass specific energy of hydrogen 6 Industrial Technologies 2012, Aarhus, 19-21 June 2012 Léopold Demiddeleer, SOLVAY SA

7. Industrial Technologies 2012, Aarhus, 19-21 June 2012 Léopold Demiddeleer, SOLVAY SA No way to escape this picture … 7

8. Industrial Technologies 2012, Aarhus, 19-21 June 2012 Léopold Demiddeleer, SOLVAY SA How to prepare Solvay for the new E-World …? 8

9. An opportunity we can take on as Industrial Chemists … 9 Industrial Technologies 2012, Aarhus, 19-21 June 2012 Léopold Demiddeleer, SOLVAY SA

10. Industrial Technologies 2012, Aarhus, 19-21 June 2012 Léopold Demiddeleer, SOLVAY SA How to prepare Solvay for the new E-World …! 10

11. Industrial Technologies 2012, Aarhus, 19-21 June 2012 Léopold Demiddeleer, SOLVAY SA  Xx The big beds forward … 11

12. Industrial Technologies 2012, Aarhus, 19-21 June 2012 Léopold Demiddeleer, SOLVAY SA  Xx H2 from supply to demand … 12

13. Industrial Technologies 2012, Aarhus, 19-21 June 2012 Léopold Demiddeleer, SOLVAY SA 13

14. Industrial Technologies 2012, Aarhus, 19-21 June 2012 Léopold Demiddeleer, SOLVAY SA Big size Alkaline Electrolyzers are there… 14

15. Industrial Technologies 2012, Aarhus, 19-21 June 2012 Léopold Demiddeleer, SOLVAY SA PEM electrolyzers are less mature but on their way 15

16. High Pressure Hydrogen : find the optimum … After: Aktins, Phys. Chemie, p.41 Energy density of hydrogen under pressure pressure / bar Energy density [MJ /l] The energy needed for compression inflates with increasing pressure The energy needed to distribute hydrogen decreases with increasing energy density Therefore, an optimum will exist. 700 bar storage is at present favored with regard to technical achievability, cost and energy efficiency The energy efficiency of the 700 bar compression step is high with about 90% compared to liquefaction reaching at best 65…70% 16 Industrial Technologies 2012, Aarhus, 19-21 June 2012 Léopold Demiddeleer, SOLVAY SA

17. Industrial Technologies 2012, Aarhus, 19-21 June 2012 Léopold Demiddeleer, SOLVAY SA Solvay digs 2 to 3 caverns /year … 17

18. Industrial Technologies 2012, Aarhus, 19-21 June 2012 Léopold Demiddeleer, SOLVAY SA Lots of places to dig and store … 18

19. Industrial Technologies 2012, Aarhus, 19-21 June 2012 Léopold Demiddeleer, SOLVAY SA  Xx H2 can be produced by electrolysis at affordable cost … 19

20. Industrial Technologies 2012, Aarhus, 19-21 June 2012 Léopold Demiddeleer, SOLVAY SA Coupling with a fuel cell can make sense … 20

21. The Fuel Cell opportunity must be understood today.. 21 Industrial Technologies 2012, Aarhus, 19-21 June 2012 Léopold Demiddeleer, SOLVAY SA

22. Industrial Technologies 2012, Aarhus, 19-21 June 2012 Léopold Demiddeleer, SOLVAY SA From fuel to application … 22

23. Industrial Technologies 2012, Aarhus, 19-21 June 2012 Léopold Demiddeleer, SOLVAY SA Adjust the application/required power/technology fit 23

24. Industrial Technologies 2012, Aarhus, 19-21 June 2012 Léopold Demiddeleer, SOLVAY SA 24

25. Industrial Technologies 2012, Aarhus, 19-21 June 2012 Léopold Demiddeleer, SOLVAY SA The OEM’s continue to invest.. 25

26. Industrial Technologies 2012, Aarhus, 19-21 June 2012 Léopold Demiddeleer, SOLVAY SA Honda FCX Clarity Quelle: www.hondanews.comwww.hondanews.com Press Information November 2007 FCX Clarity 26

27. Industrial Technologies 2012, Aarhus, 19-21 June 2012 Léopold Demiddeleer, SOLVAY SA H2 will be part of the urban mobility strategies… 27

28. Industrial Technologies 2012, Aarhus, 19-21 June 2012 Léopold Demiddeleer, SOLVAY SA Watch the environmental cost … 28

29. Industrial Technologies 2012, Aarhus, 19-21 June 2012 Léopold Demiddeleer, SOLVAY SA The environmental cost is a key driver 29

30. Industrial Technologies 2012, Aarhus, 19-21 June 2012 Léopold Demiddeleer, SOLVAY SA European initial vision on H2 and FC in 2000 30

31. Industrial Technologies 2012, Aarhus, 19-21 June 2012 Léopold Demiddeleer, SOLVAY SA European initial vision on H2 and FC in 2000 2012.. Some good news : OEM’s commitment H2 opportunity as energy carrier German plan on renewable energy Public-Industrial investments in H2 chain Some bad news : H2 « grid » still lagging cost issues to be solved No VC investment anymore in FC/H2 technologies 31

32. The « Big H2 Labs » of Solvay today... 32 Industrial Technologies 2012, Aarhus, 19-21 June 2012 Léopold Demiddeleer, SOLVAY SA

33. Industrial Technologies 2012, Aarhus, 19-21 June 2012 Léopold Demiddeleer, SOLVAY SA The Big Labs of Solvay today : – 1MW PEM FC in Antwerp – Mobility on site with Hy-Kangoos and production. – EL integrated platform for Energy Management – More to come … 33

34. Industrial Technologies 2012, Aarhus, 19-21 June 2012 Léopold Demiddeleer, SOLVAY SA Solvay’s integrated approach … SOLVICORE MEA’s inside.. H2 from Solvay electrolysis ? 34

35. Thank you ! … and be prepared to use H2 somehow … Industrial Technologies 2012, Aarhus, 19-21 June 2012 Léopold Demiddeleer, SOLVAY SA 35