1. Electromagnetic Battle Manager (EMBM)
Unclassified//For Official Use Only
Electromagnetic Battle Manager (EMBM)
Coalition Joint Spectrum Management Planning Tool (CJSMPT)
Mar 2013
Unclassified//For Official Use Only

2. Problem Statement
CENTCOM issued Joint Urgent Operational Need (JUON) for Spectrum Operations at Tactical Level to deconflict CREW and Blue Force Comms (BFC)
Provide tactical level units with software that can:
Perform quick analysis of CREW against BFC frequencies
Predict interference events
Recommends a mitigation strategy and resolution
Generate reports and graphically represent affected BFC systems
Provide all Joint Electromagnetic Spectrum Managers with current spectrum mission software

3. EMBM System Overview Description
EMBM provides an integrated RF spectrum planning and management capability that enables automation of the spectrum management process.
Models and simulates the Electromagnetic Battlespace (EMB) as it pertains to ongoing missions.
EMBM capabilities mapped to Joint SM processes (CJCSM C)
Enhance Spectrum Management Lifecycle for Joint Task Force (JTF) and lower echelons
Tactical EW and RF Interference prediction and mitigation using modeling and simulation

4. EMBM/CJSMPT History
JMUA & Field Assessment, Completed Feb 2009
CENTCOM issues Joint Urgent Operational Need Statement (JUONS) for Spectrum Operations at Tactical Level to de-conflict CREW and Blue Force communications; Jul 2005
CERDEC began CJSMPT JCTD in response to CENTCOM JUONS, Mar 2006
2007
2008
2005
2009
CJSMPT v2.1 V&V, Completed Aug 2009
2006
2010
Phase I SW – EW De-confliction Focus, Completed Jun 2007
CJSMPT Assessment in OIF, Completed Oct 2007
CJSMPT v2.1 Deployment, Began 2 Nov 2009
CJSMPT Admin & Client v2.1.1 FQT, Sep 2010
2011
May 12, 1 Yr Effort on CJSMPT v2.1.2 Initiated May 2011
CJSMPT v2.1.1 CCB, 2-3 Feb 2010
1 Oct 12, EMBM R&D Program initiated in CERDEC based on CJSMPT baseline – targeting transition to GEMSIS – LM Prime
EMBM 3 Spiral Reviews to prepare for FQT (Dev moving “in House”)
2012
EMBM Operational Assessment (OA)
Monthly SME reviews and preparation for JMUA (Most of 2008)
2013
ATEC OA Capabilities and Limitation Report (CLR) Released

5. EMBM Value Added
Enables Division Level and Below Planning and Prioritization of spectrum requirements
Follows Current Joint Operational Spectrum Processes (CJCSM)
Maximizes spectrum usage through automated spectrum planning, collaboration, deconfliction and reuse
Identifies and provides mitigation when available to reduce the risks to personnel and equipment through early mitigation of frequency fratricide.
Provides analysis on mobile (air & land) platforms providing solutions which reduce reliance on “more spectrum” requirements.
Provides the capability to mitigate Counter IED Jammers from friendly RF systems, which is a critical JIEDDO requirement
Enables effective Joint Electromagnetic Spectrum Operations (JEMSO) at all levels (Concentrating on Division level and below)

6. CJCSM 3320.01C Spectrum Management
EMBM CAPABILITIES
Policy generation / enforcement
SFAF Templates exchanged hierarchically
Gather Spectrum Requirements
Simplified UI with automation for Unit and Net building
Spectrum Summary
Aggregate requirements via data collaboration
Define Electromagnetic Operational Environment (EMOE)
AOI based – EMB available through automated updates
Pub-7 Compliant with SXXI
Automatic SFAF population using SDR and user data
Assignments follow SXXI guidance per the SFAF
Modifications automatically provided based on changes
Nominate and Assign Frequencies
Suggest specific frequencies for assignment taking into account user defined and collaborated plans.
Determines and optimizes spectrum based on changing requirements – can support the identification of a re-use plan
JCEOI
Special outputs to send spectrum plan to JACS
Automatically builds the MNL and resources in JACS
Perform EW Deconfliction
Predict incidents of tactical Interference prior to mission execution
Movement and CREW device included
Resolve/Report Interference
SPA can suggest modifications to spectrum plan to minimize interference on a mission by mission basis
CJCSM C Spectrum Management
Lifecycle Steps
Define Policy
Gather Requirements
Develop EMS Summary
Define EMOE
Obtain EMS resources
Develop SM Plan
Nominate & Assign
Generate JCEOI
Develop JRFL
EW Decon
Resolve Interference
Report Interference

7. EMBM v1 Architecture Diagram
EMBM Analysis User Interface (AUI)
- C# -
Spectrum Data Repository
(SDR) – Client DB
-MS SQL2008-R2
Data Access
Spectrum Plan Advisor
(SPA)
Transitioning to C#
Communications Effects Simulator (CES)
-C/Fortran executable-
Maps
-Flat Tile Files-
DKO-S (PASS/DDS)
(SDR-Master DB)
SXXI
Windows MDI
Messages
Spectrum Usage Plan 
File I/O
Interference Metrics 
 Recommended Plan
Scenario Data 
 Interference Report
EMBM Client runs on:
MS Windows XP
MS Windows Vista
MS Windows 7
Data Requests 
Frequency Assignments
 Emitter Characteristics
 CREW Data
SDR Data Interchange (SDI)
Peer To Peer
Hierarchical
SDR Download
Task Force Editor (TFE)
Spectrum Plans
Unit Location update
Network Definition
ARAT
JETS
Spectrum Data
CREW data
Emitter Data
Visualizer
– Worldwind Java jar –
Force Loc/Mgmt
EW Effects
2D / 3D
User Interaction
Localhost
Analysis & Report Generator (ARG)
Spectrum (EMB, Assignments, etc..)
Interference
Spectrum Resource Manager (SRM)
Policy Mgmt
Assignment Mgmt
EMBM Admin runs on:
SDR ADMIN 7

8. Frequency Dependent Rejection
Spectral Overlap Approaches:
Complex combination of factors:
Radio waveform types
Antennas (height, pattern, polarization),
Transmit (power, frequencies, bandwidths, emission curve (side-lobes, harmonics),
Receive (filters, sensitivity),
Propagation losses (distance, terrain, etc)
Duty cycles, durations, traffic levels, number of nodes,
Inter-modulation, etc...
Simple Overlap
Method Used for Interference Estimation
spectral overlap
Determine extent of channel overlap, side-lobe, harmonic energy, sensitivity
Calculate radio waveform-to-waveform interference factor
Account for severity relative to combination of waveforms involved
2D interaction matrix
Power de-rating/coexistence factor
Calculate antenna loss
Calculate propagation loss
Aggregate over all transmitters within range of receiver(s) and compare:
Radio2Radio Sensitivity <> Pwr * Overlap * Losses * Factors
Integrated Overlap

9. EMBM Equipment Overview
Hardware Requirement (Baseline)
Dell Latitude E6500
Intel Core 2 Duo T9400, 2.53GHz
4 GB RAM & 160GB Hard Drive
Minimum HW/SW requirements for EMBM
2.2 GHz Duo Core uP
2 GB RAM & 20 GB Hard Drive
AGM Win 7 or AGM Win Vista
Supported interface Software
EMBM Client Software v2.1.2 (collaboration)
ACES v3.1 (Master Net List, Resources and Net IDs)
Spectrum XXI Software
Spectrum XXI-O (Ready Post OA)

10. Current Collaboration with PM IEW&S
Working with HQDA G3 Electronic Warfare Division, Joint Spectrum Center J3, TRADOC, and ASMO to socialize EMBM among EW community
Investigating leveraging EMBM for EW Planning
Participating in discussions regarding the coordination of spectrum and electronic warfare planning
Personnel matrix to PM IEW&S providing technical guidance for EWMPT (POR for PM IEW&S)

11. Potential Enhancements to EMBM for EW Planning
EMBM provides a spectrum planning and analysis foundation that could be built upon to provide additional EW functions such as
Planning and Collaboration
RF Coverage and Propagation Analysis
EA Effectiveness Simulation and Prediction
Provide Combined Spectrum / EW Common Operational Picture with CPOF Interface
U.S. Army CERDEC (SAFM) has almost completely taken over the configuration management and development of EMBM “IN HOUSE” with government developers.

12. Future Propagation Models
In coordination with other offices, CERDEC has been developing propagation models for urban and rural environments to meet today’s needs for efficient spectrum management:
An Integrated Urban Propagation Program Consisting of:
A Long-Range simplified analytical Urban Propagation Model (UPM)
An Urban model that accounts for terrain effects in a mixed urban/terrain environment
Short–range (up to 500m) simplified Urban Propagation Model (UPM)
The long-range and short models are integrated into a single program
Rural
A model that accounts for the scattering effects in rural environment
Has been integrated with TIREM

13. EMBM Summary
Enables effective Joint Electromagnetic Spectrum Operations (JEMSO) at Division level and below
Supports all phases of CJCSM C Spectrum Management Process
Only spectrum mission planning tool that automatically includes CREW devices and Blue Force Comms using ARAT CREW for the purpose of spectrum operations.
EMBM Database (SDR) consolidates and logically links all data needed for spectral analysis, planning and mitigation of Comms and EW systems
SDR being sustained by CERDEC temporarily
EMBM is due to transition to GEMSIS this year
World-Wide SDR ready for trial runs – supporting limited deployment
Useful for both Operations and Engineering Spectrum Support
CERDEC is currently using EMBM for modeling and simulation in support of SSRA
Utilized at NIE (SOS-I) to support for Spectrum requests, RF coverage analysis, etc.
Provides a viable foundation for additional capabilities such as more detailed Electronic Warfare Battle Management Planning