1. www.juniorscience.ie Genetics

2. www.juniorscience.ie 1B5 Genetics inheritable and non-inheritable characteristics, chromosomes and genes

3. www.juniorscience.ie 1B5 Genetics OB35 understand that humans have inheritable and non- inheritable characteristics, and that inheritable characteristics are controlled by genes OB36 recall that genes are located on chromosomes and that in a human there are 23 pairs of chromosomes, which are located in the nucleus OB37 recall that chromosomes are made of DNA and protein

4. www.juniorscience.ie OB35 understand that humans have inheritable and non-inheritable characteristics some characteristics are passed on from parents to children – these are called inheritable… other characteristics are independent of parentage – these are called non-inheritable… these characteristics may in turn be passed on to the following generation(s)… these characteristics will not be passed on to the following generation(s)…

5. www.juniorscience.ie OB35 understand that humans have inheritable and non-inheritable characteristics Inheritable characteristics are received from parents… father mother

6. www.juniorscience.ie OB35 understand that humans have inheritable and non-inheritable characteristics Check out some of your own inheritable characteristics…  Arm fold preference  “Hitchhiker’s thumb”  Pinkie finger alignment  Ear lobe attachment

7. www.juniorscience.ie OB35 understand that humans have inheritable and non-inheritable characteristics Check out your own…  Arm fold preference: fold your arms - ?Do you fold right-over-left or left-over-right?

8. www.juniorscience.ie OB35 understand that humans have inheritable and non-inheritable characteristics Check out your own  “Hitchhiker’s thumb”: extend your thumb – ? Is it straight or curved?

9. www.juniorscience.ie OB35 understand that humans have inheritable and non-inheritable characteristics Check out your own …  Pinkie fingers: place them side by side – ? Are they straight or curved away from each other?

10. www.juniorscience.ie OB35 understand that humans have inheritable and non-inheritable characteristics Check out own …  Ear lobes: look at your ear in a mirror – ? Is it directly attached or separated ?

11. www.juniorscience.ie OB35 understand that humans have inheritable and non-inheritable characteristics Other inheritable characteristics include: If you are connected to the internet, some of the images will link you to a source of information eye colourfrecklesblood typehaemophilia cystic fibrosis

12. www.juniorscience.ie OB35 understand that humans have inheritable and non-inheritable characteristics Some non-inheritable characteristics:  Athletic ability  Artistic ability  Accent

13. www.juniorscience.ie For each inheritable characteristic, a human has two genes – one passed on by the father’s sperm cell, the other by the mother’s egg cell OB35 understand that inheritable characteristics are controlled by genes one gene for eye colour two genes for eye colour

14. www.juniorscience.ie OB36 recall that genes are located on chromosomes which are located in the nucleus

15. www.juniorscience.ie OB36 recall that genes are located on chromosomes which are located in the nucleus image from http://regentsprep.org/Regents/biology/units/heredity/dna.cfmregentsprep.org/Regents/biology/units/heredity/dna.cfm

16. www.juniorscience.ie OB36 recall that in a human there are 23 pairs of chromosomes, which are located in the nucleus ©news.bbc.co.uk

17. www.juniorscience.ie OB37 recall that chromosomes are made of DNA and protein DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid it is a molecule built in a particular code the code contains instructions for every structure and function the body will ever need the DNA code for each separate structure or function is called a gene this makes it a very very long molecule…so how does it fit into a very tiny nucleus?

18. www.juniorscience.ie © 2005 Chugoku Rosai Hospital OB37 recall that chromosomes are made of DNA and protein the long DNA molecule is so twisted and coiled so that it takes up tiny little space… each twisted coil of DNA, containing many genes, makes one chromosome… small molecules of protein help keep the chromosome in shape

19. www.juniorscience.ie OB37 recall that chromosomes are made of DNA and protein the code in DNA is different in every human being…(except for ?????)(except for ?????) Each individual’s unique code is called their DNA fingerprint because of this, DNA is used in crime scene investigation parental disputes

20. www.juniorscience.ie OB37 recall that chromosomes are made of DNA and protein the code in DNA is different in every human being…except for ????? IDENTICAL TWINS can you explain why

21. www.juniorscience.ie How small is DNA? If you are connected to the internet, click on the image below to get an idea OB37 recall that chromosomes are made of DNA and protein

22. www.juniorscience.ie Genetics OB35 understand that humans have inheritable and non- inheritable characteristics, and that inheritable characteristics are controlled by genes OB36 recall that genes are located on chromosomes and that in a human there are 23 pairs of chromosomes, which are located in the nucleus OB37 recall that chromosomes are made of DNA and protein