GCSE History Revision: Paper 1

GCSE History Revision: Paper 1

Outline of the Day am Paper 1 Content Overview am Hitler’s Foreign Policy and the Causes of the Second World War am BREAK Causes of the FWW pm LUNCH pm Treaty of Versailles and League of Nations pm BREAK pm Exam Technique

Paper 1: Structure and Content

1hr 45mins The 1st 3 topics…answer ALL 3! 35mins per section = 1.5mins/mark 4marks = 6mins 6marks= 9mins 10marks = 15mins This gives 5mins to read and plan!!! Topics you MUST answer

Paper 1: Topic 1 Paper 1: Origins of the First World War
Key Question: Why were there two armed camps in Europe in 1914? Development of the Triple Alliance, Entente Cordiale and Anglo-Russian Agreement: Britain’s emergence from splendid isolation Kaiser Wilhelm II’s aims in foreign policy; Weltpolitik; a “place in the sun”; attitudes towards Great Britain; development of the Navy The Moroccan Crises of 1905 and 1911 and their effects on the alliances The Bosnian Crisis and its effects on the alliances The arms race – military and naval: why did countries increase the size of their armies? The Anglo-German Naval Race Key Question: Why did war break out in 1914? Aims of the Austria-Hungary and Serbia in the Balkans: the role of the Black Hand The assassination at Sarajevo: Gavrilo Princip; the response of Austria-Hungary; the ultimatum and Serbia’s response The events leading to war; the role of the alliances in 1914 The Schlieffen Plan and its effects on the outbreak of war; its part in bringing about Great Britain’s declaration of war on Germany Responsibility for the outbreak of war and the escalation of the conflict

MAIN causes of the FWW M Militarism A Alliances I Imperialism N
Nationalism

What were the MAIN causes?
M - militarism (increasing the size of your army or navy) A – alliances (countries promising to help each other) I – imperialism (powerful countries wanting to increase their power by taking other countries) N – nationalism (being prepared to fight for ones country) See 20th Century book – page 7 THINK Can you think of any examples of how the main European countries tried to increase their power?

Alliances Triple Alliance Triple Entente 1. 1. 2. 2. 3. 3.

Anglo-Russian Agreement, 1907 Franco-Russian Alliance, 1893
DEFENSIVE ALLIANCES Anglo-Russian Agreement, 1907 Triple Alliance, 1882 Entente Cordiale, 1904 Franco-Russian Alliance, 1893

What is this image linked to?

Sage and Scribe SCRIBE NAME: Who was King of Germany in 1900?
When was the Triple Alliance signed? Which countries made up the Triple Alliance? What does “splendid isolationism mean”? What two things happened that made Britain think about ending it’s policy of “splendid isolationism”? When was the Entente Cordiale signed? Which countries signed the Entente Cordiale? What does Entente Cordiale mean? What was the German foreign policy called? (In German or English) When was the Triple Entente signed?

Rebellion in Fez Kaiser visits Tangier The Kaiser states he supports an independent Morocco Kaiser was humiliated Germany was given two marshy strips of land in the French Congo A conference was held at Algeciras, Spain Britain believed Wilhelm was trying to set up a naval base A-H supported Moroccan independence France was given overall control of Morocco but not allowed any military presence Germany sent the gun boat the Panther to protect German interests Italy opposed Germany – this weakened the TA The Kaiser was testing the strength of the Entente Cordiale Brought Europe close to war Britain signed a secret naval agreement with France to protect the north coast Germany was annoyed and humiliated Britain and Russia supported France Britain mobilised it’s navy in Gibraltar France felt more confident of Britain’s support Germany wanted to expand it’s empire as part of WELTPOLITIK

Morocco 1. Tangier, 1905-06 2. Agadir, 1911 Kaiser visits Tangier
France was given overall control of Morocco but not allowed any military presence Germany sent the gun boat the Panther to protect German interests Kaiser visits Tangier Rebellion in Fez The Kaiser states he supports an independent Morocco Germany was given two marshy strips of land in the French Congo A-H supported Moroccan independence Britain believed Wilhelm was trying to set up a naval base Germany wanted to expand it’s empire as part of WELTPOLITIK Italy opposed Germany – this weakened the TA Britain signed a secret naval agreement with France to protect the north coast Britain and Russia supported France The Kaiser was testing the strength of the Entente Cordiale Brought Europe close to war A conference was held at Algeciras, Spain Britain mobilised it’s navy in Gibraltar France felt more confident of Britain’s support Germany was annoyed and humiliated Kaiser was humiliated

Where is this?

ANNEXED = a country is taken and made part of another empire

Bosnia, Austrian leader Franz Josef taking Bosnia-Herzegovina from the Turkish Sultan

Bosnian Crisis, Ottoman Empire (Turkish Empire) was breaking up Serbia wanted to unite all SLAVS – Yugoslavia Russia and Serbia = allies Russia called for an international conference to discuss Bosnia A-H refused to attend Germany supported A-H because of their support during Morocco Russia had to back down as it was not ready to fight Germany Serbia wanted revenge against A-H Russia was humiliated and now unlikely to back down A-H had the support of Germany – even if it meant war this was important in 1914 Russia became closer to Br and Fr

Increase in Spending Arms Race and the First World War:
There was a four-fold increase in defence spending of the great powers,

Arms Race and the First World War:
This British postcard interprets Kaiser Wilhelm’s statement about wanting ‘a place in the sun’ – it shows him making everybody in the world bow down to him. IMPERIALISM led to an arms race … in 1900, Kaiser Wilhelm said that GERMANY wanted ‘a place in the sun’ – i.e., that Germany wanted an empire as big as Britain’s. This TERRIFIED the British.

Attitude towards war Arms Race and the First World War:
But note that militarism is also a government's attitude of mind, seeing war as a valid means of foreign policy. (GERMANY was especially militaristic.)

As well as their STANDING ARMIES, the nations introduced CONSCRIPTION, so they also had large numbers of trained RESERVES. All the nations except Britain had HUGE armies.

Navies Arms Race and the First World War:
If GERMANY was to have an empire, it needed a navy, so in 1900 Admiral Tirpitz introduced the German Navy Law, which announced a huge programme of building warships.

Navies Arms Race and the First World War:
Both BRITAIN and GERMANY started building Dreadnoughts – the most advanced class of warship in the world. The Dreadnought essentially reduced everybody else’s number of warships to zero.

Anglo-German Naval Race – Who is the winner?

In the end, Britain’s built many more Dreadnoughts than Germany.

“we want eight, we won’t wait” “A German fleet is a luxury not
Naval Race 17 Britain confidence conscription funfminuten Germany “we want eight, we won’t wait” “A German fleet is a luxury not A necessity.” weapons rivalry dreadnought 29 France

Effects Arms Race and the First World War:
The arms race was tied in to both NATIONALISM and IMPERIALISM. It increased SUSPICION and HATRED of other nations - and it gave the nations the WHEREWITHAL to wage war.

What event is this?

Assassination Where is Sarajevo?
Who was visiting Sarajevo in June 1914? Why was he visiting Sarajevo? What was the name of the terrorist group planning to assassinate him? When was this group formed? How many members did this group have by 1914? What were the aims of this group? Which country was the group connected to? What was the name of the assassin?

Assassination Where is Sarajevo?Bosnia
Who was visiting Sarajevo in June 1914?Archduke Franz Ferdinand Why was he visiting Sarajevo?To encourage positive relations between A-H and the local people What was the name of the terrorist group planning to assassinate him? Black Hand Gang When was this group formed?1911 How many members did this group have by 1914?2,500 What were the aims of this group? unite all Serbs in to a greater Serbia Which country was the group connected to?Serbia What was the name of the assassin? Gavrillo Princip

Steps to War 28th June Russia offers support to Serbia 6th July
Germany declares war on France; German troops enter Belgium 23rd July A-H sends ultimatum to Serbia 24th July France declares war on Germany 28th July A-H declares war on Serbia 30th July Germany promises to support A-H= “blank cheque” 1st August A-H declares war on Russia 3rd August Russia mobilises it’s armed forces 4th August Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand 5th August Germany declares war on Belgium; Britain declares war on Germany 6th August Germany declares war on Russia

Details… Name the Count who wanted to go to war with Serbia
How many points did A-H send Serbia in their ultimatum? Which point did Serbia not agree too? Why? What was the German plan of attack called? What was it designed to avoid? What was the treaty with Belgium called? When was it signed?

Details… Name the Count who wanted to go to war with Serbia. Count Hotzendorf How many points did A-H send Serbia in their ultimatum? 10points Which point did Serbia not agree too?point 6 Why? Gave A-H control of Serbia’s court system What was the German plan of attack called?Schlieffen Plan What was it designed to avoid?A war on two fronts (sides) What was the treaty with Belgium called?Treaty of London When was it signed? 1839

Schlieffen Plan

Effect of the SP Britain had no intention of supporting Russia
Would have been difficult for Britain to convince the people to go to war over France BELGIUM = opportunity 1839 – Treaty of London = “scrap of paper” by the Kaiser British people shocked by German aggression towards a small country like Belgium!

Which country was responsible for war?
Responsibility France The French were determined to get revenge on Germany for defeat in 1871 and their attempts to expand in to Morocco. Britain The British took part in the naval race and supported France during the Moroccan Crises; it also declared war on Germany in August 1914 Russia Tsar (King of Russia) fully supported Serbia Germany Weltpolitik threatened Britain and France A-H A-H was determined to crush Serbia Serbia Serbia was determined to create a Greater Serbia and the BHG assassinated Franz Ferdinand

Paper 1: Topic 2 Paper 1: Peacemaking and the League of Nations Key Question: How did the Treaty of Versailles establish peace? The Paris Peace Conference; the aims of Clemenceau, Lloyd George and Woodrow Wilson: the Fourteen Points The main terms of the Treaty of Versailles; Diktat; territorial changes; military restrictions, war guilt and reparations The strengths and weaknesses of the Treaty of Versailles: Why Germany objected to it Key Question: Why did the League of Nations fail in its aims to keep peace? Membership : why and how it changed; implications for the League of Nations Organisation, powers and peace keeping role: the Assembly; the Council; the Permanent Court of Justice; military and economic sanctions The Manchurian Crisis : events; actions taken by the League; effect on the League as a peacekeeping force The Abyssinian Crisis : events; action taken by the League; effect on the League as a peacekeeping force The reasons for the collapse of the League

Who’s Who?

Who’s Who? What did they want?
______________________ _____________________ ______________________

Clemenceau Wilson Lloyd-George

Cripple Germany’s economy
Prevent future threats from Germany Germany should be punished but not too harshly A harsh treaty might lead to another war Make Germany suffer International cooperation – League of Nations Self-determination Britain and Germany to trade in the future

Clemenceau Wilson Lloyd-George
Cripple Germany’s economy Prevent future threats from Germany Make Germany suffer International cooperation – League of Nations Britain and Germany to trade in the future Germany should be punished but not too harshly A harsh treaty might lead to another war Wilson Lloyd-George Self-determination

Treaty of Versailles Maths Challenge

Question 1 How many soldiers were the German army allowed under the Terms of the Treaty of Versailles? Write the answer down. Clemenceau, Wilson and Lloyd George made up the Big Who? Write the answer down. Multiple these two answers. Now write the answer to question 1 down. 100,000 x 3 = 300,000

Question 2 How many battleships was Germany allowed under the terms of the Treaty of Versailles? Write the answer down. How many points did Wilson have? Write the answer down. What number was the War Guilt Clause? Write the answer down. Multiple these three answers. Write the answer for question 2 down. 6 x 14 x 231 = 19,404

Question 3 Subtract the question 2 answer from your question 1 answer.
Now write the answer to question 3 down. 300,000 19,404 – = 280,596

Question 4 How many years were there between the Treaty of Versailles being signed and the time the reparations figure was set? Write the answer down. How many years was the Saar region to be given to France? Write the answer down. Multiple these two answers. Now write the answer to question 4 down. 2 x 15 = 30

Question 5 Add the answer from question 3 with the answer to question 4. Now write the answer to question 5 down. 280, =

Question 6 To the nearest year – how many years did the First World War last? Write the answer down. Write the answer to question 6 down. 4

Question 7 Add the answer from question 5 with the answer to question 6. Now write the answer to question 7 down. =

Question 8 What time did the Armistice ceasefire begin on 11th November 1918? Write the answer down. Write the answer to question 8 down. 11

Question 9 Subtract the question 8 answer from your question 7 answer.
Your solution is: 280630 11 – 280619

Treaty of Versailles was signed on 28th June 1919 – 28/06/19
Solution 280619 Treaty of Versailles was signed on 28th June 1919 – 28/06/19

Treaty of Versailles_______
TofV Land Guilt and Compensation Military

Treaty of Versailles 28th June 1919
Danzig=Free City Alsace-Lorraine=France North Schleswig=Denmark TofV Land Guilt and Compensation Military Colonies = mandates West Prussia and Posen = Poland Anschluss forbidden Saarland = LoN for 15 years Article 231=War guilt clause Rhineland demilitarised No conscription £6.6billion set in 1921 No subs or aircraft Army limited to 100,000 6 battleships Young Plan 1929 Pay until 1984!

Was it fair? Yes it was fair… No it was not fair… 10% of land
British and French casualties=9million 750,000 homes destroyed Britain=£1billion in debt to USA Food shortages Devastation in Belgium and France Treaty of Brest-Litovsk: 34%pop; 54% industry; 89% coalmines Treaties – St Germain (Austris)=lost Bosnia, Herzegovinian and Croatia; restiricted army to 30,000. Neuilly(Bulgaria)=Lost land to Greece and Yugoslavia; Armed forced limited to 20,000; £100million in reparations. Trianon (Hungary) = Lost land to Romania, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia; lost 3 million people to other states; due to pay reparations. Sevres (Turkey) = Lost land to Greece other land became a LofN mandates; Palestine. 10% of land All colonies 12.5% population 50% of iron and steel industries War guilt clause No German representative Economy in ruins Army restrictions too small German people split up

Strengths and Weaknesses of the TofV
Brought peace to Europe Germany was left very unhappy Fairer that other treaties – A-H was divided Germany could not afford to make reparation payments Germany had imposed a much harsher treaty on Russia (Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in 1918) The treaty did not punish Germany enough to stop her seeking revenge Wilson put too much faith in the loN

Do you think this term was fair/unfair/unsure? Explain your answer.
TASK: For each of the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, say whether you think its main aim was: Do you think this term was fair/unfair/unsure? Explain your answer.    Germany had to pay £6,600 million, called reparations, for the damage done during the war. Germany forbidden to have submarines or an air force. She could have a navy of only 6 battleships. Germany lost land in Europe Germany could only have an army of 100,000 men. Germany’s colonies were given to Britain and France. Germany was split in two so that the newly created Poland could have access to the sea. Alsace-Lorraine given back to France. Germany could never unite with Austria Demilitarised the Rhineland - Germany was not allowed to place any troops in the Rhineland, the strip of land, 50 miles wide, next to France. War Guilt: Germany had to accept the blame for starting the war. Germany could not join the League of Nations.

Clemenceau the “Tiger”
Future cannon fodder? The big three Child crying. Class of 1940. What does this mean? The Treaty Clemenceau the “Tiger”

The League of Nations

Membership of the League
Britain Italy 1933 Germany 1933 USSR 1934 USA 1919 1929 1939

Membership of the League
France Britain Italy 1937 Japan 1933 Germany 1926 1933 USSR 1934 USA NEVER JOINED 1919 1929 1939

THE OTHER STATES JOIN TOGETHER IF ONE STATE IS ATTACKED
Covenant 26 rules (articles) Registration of all treaties to avoid secret alliances Reduction of arms so no future arms race Collective security to solve problems COLLECTIVE SECURITY = THE OTHER STATES JOIN TOGETHER IF ONE STATE IS ATTACKED TO HELP

The League of Nations AIMS Encourage co-operation Stop aggression
Improve social conditions Disarmament

Structure The Council Met several times a year and in emergencies
5 permanent members Each had right to veto any idea The Assembly Each country one vote Permanent court of International Justice Based at The Hague Settle disputes peacefully No power of enforcement The Secretariat Kept records - civil service

What event is this source commenting on?
What is the message of this cartoon?

A member of the League is holding flowers and bowing to Japan
The word Geneva is written on the post Japan represented by a man in an army uniform Box with "Face -saving outfit" written on it. Lady with the word "League" on her

List the key events of the Manchurian crisis and explain how they show the failure of the League.

List the key events of the Manchurian crisis and explain how they show the failure of the League.
September Railway attacked in Japanese controlled Manchuria Italy was putting it’s own interests first. Invading Manchuria in order to tackle problems brought on by the Depression of the 1930s. February 1932 – Manchukuo – Japan set up a puppet government in Manchuria China appealed to the LofN. Japan said it was solving a local problem and acted in this way as a form of self-defence. September 1932 – Lytton Report states that Japan acted unlawfully The LofN sent an official to investigate Japan’s claims of self-defence. The Report took 12mths to compile. The report was approved 42 votes to 1…Japan being the one! February 1933 – Japan invades the rest of Manchuria Despite the LofN stating that Japan had done wrong nothing was done! Japan continued to expand on the same principle of self-defence. Economic sanctions were not an option as the USA was it’s main trading partner. Also Britain did not want to risk it’s colonies in SE Asia by upsetting Japan. It was too far away to start a war over. March 1933 – Japan withdrew from the League and invades Jehol province The League was powerless. The League did not have the resources to remove Japan by force. Aggressive behaviour wins!

Abyssinia - Timeline December 1934 October 1935 December 1935 May 1936
1937

Abyssinia - Timeline December 1934
Italian troops provoke a clash at Wal Wal October 1935 Italian invasion begins December 1935 Britain and France produce Hoare-Laval Plan. Large parts of Abyssinia to be given to Italy in return for Italian withdrawal. Public outcry- plan abandoned May 1936 Haile Selassie was forced in to exile and the Italian conquest complete November 1936 Rome-Berlin Axis signed 1937 Italy withdraws from the League

Manchurian and Abyssinian Crises
CAUSES EVENTS EFFECTS ON THE LEAGUE Manchurian Crisis Abyssinian Crisis

Abyssinia was the only independent Africa country in that area
Wall Street Crash in 1929 meant that Japan lost trade with the USA. Japan invaded the next province Jehol Manchuria was rich in natural resources China appealed to the League for help. Lytton Commission was set up to investigate Chinese soldiers were accused of blowing up part of the Japanese railway The League condemned the actions of Japan and told Japan to leave the area. The League encouraged aggressive actions from Germany and Italy Well at WalWal were attacked. Italy invaded. Mussolini wanted to increase Italy’s power Haile Selassie appealed to the League for help Italy wanted revenge for defeat in 1896 The League had failed to deal effectively with Japan The League imposed sanctions on glass, rubber and weapons Britain and France were not willing to support the League by providing an army Britain and France tried to get Italy to agree to the Hoare-Laval Pact – this would give Italy 2/3 of Abyssinia League members were not willing to stop aggressive countries Britain and France were undermining the League The League was no longer taken seriously

CAUSES EVENTS EFFECTS ON THE LEAGUE
Manchurian Crisis Wall Street Crash in 1929 meant that Japan lost trade with the USA. Manchuria was rich in natural resources Chinese soldiers were accused of blowing up part of the Japanese railway China appealed to the League for help. Lytton Commission was set up to investigate Japan invaded the next province Jehol The League condemned the actions of Japan and told Japan to leave the area. Britain and France were not willing to support the League by providing an army The League had failed to deal effectively with Japan The League encouraged aggressive actions from Germany and Italy Abyssinian Crisis Abyssinia was the only independent Africa country in that area Mussolini wanted to increase Italy’s power Italy wanted revenge for defeat in 1896 Well at WalWal were attacked. Italy invaded. Haile Selassie appealed to the League for help Britain and France tried to get Italy to agree to the Hoare-Laval Pact – this would give Italy 2/3 of Abyssinia The League imposed sanctions on glass, rubber and weapons League members were not willing to stop aggressive countries Britain and France were undermining the League The League was no longer taken seriously

Questions on the League
Why did it fail? Economic depression Organisation Aims Powers USSR/USA Britain/France Germany/Italy/Japan Abyssinia/Manchuria

The league of nations failed because it…
Weak The League did not have any real power. Apart from shame, sanctions didn’t work and it did not have it’s own army. America The strongest nation after the First World War never joined. Structure The League’s organisation was disorganised so it took a long time to do anything. Members couldn’t agree but decisions had to be unanimous. Depression World-wide depression causes countries to look for more land and power. Countries were more worried about themselves and not world peace. Unsuccessful The more the League failed the more people mistrusted it. In the end countries just ignored it. Members The League’s main members let it down. Big bullies The League showed it could deal with smaller countries in the 1920s. However when powerful countries like Germany, Italy and Japan defied the League the League was too weak to stop them TASK: Find an example to support each of these reasons.

Weak The League did not have any real power. Apart from shame, sanctions didn’t work and it did not have it’s own army. America The strongest nation after the First World War never joined. Structure The League’s organisation was disorganised so it took a long time to do anything. Members couldn’t agree but decisions had to be unanimous. Depression World-wide depression causes countries to look for more land and power. Countries were more worried about themselves and not world peace. Unsuccessful The more the League failed the more people mistrusted it. In the end countries just ignored it. Members The League’s main members let it down. Big bullies The League showed it could deal with smaller countries in the 1920s. However when powerful countries like Germany, Italy and Japan defied the League the League was too weak to stop them

Source B A cartoon in Punch, a British magazine, 28 July The rabbit is saying ‘I don’t have any weapons (I am practically defenceless) so I must defeat him with a powerful stare’.

Source B A cartoon in Punch, a British magazine, 28 July The rabbit is saying ‘I don’t have any weapons (I am practically defenceless) so I must defeat him with a powerful stare’. Study Source B. Source B explains one of the weaknesses of the League of Nations in 1920. Do you agree that the lack of an armed force was the main weakness of the League of Nations when it was set up in 1920? Explain your answer by referring to the purpose of the source, as well as using its content and your knowledge. (6 marks)

Paper 1: Topic 3 Paper 1: Hitler’s Foreign Policy and the Origins of the Second World War Key Question: How did Hitler challenge and exploit the Treaty of Versailles 1933-March 1938? Hitler’s aims in foreign policy The return of the Saar, 1935 The beginning of rearmament in Germany; withdrawal from the Disarmament Conference 1933; non-aggression pact with Poland 1934; reintroduction of conscription from 1935; Anglo-German Naval Agreement 1935 The remilitarization of the Rhineland 1936 Anschluss with Austria 1938 Key Question: Why did Chamberlain's policy of appeasement fail to prevent the outbreak of war in 1939? Reasons for and against appeasement The Sudeten Crisis and Munich Agreement, 1938 The collapse of Czechoslovakia, March 1939 The role of the USSR : the Nazi-Soviet Pact Poland and the outbreak of war Responsibility for the outbreak of war

Hitler’s aims in foreign policy The return of the Saar, 1935
How did Hitler challenge and exploit the Treaty of Versailles 1933-March 1938? Hitler’s aims in foreign policy The return of the Saar, 1935 The beginning of rearmament in Germany; withdrawal from the Disarmament Conference 1933; non-aggression pact with Poland 1934; reintroduction of conscription from 1935; Anglo-German Naval Agreement 1935 The remilitarization of the Rhineland 1936 Anschluss with Austria 1938

Timeline 1933 Germany leaves the League of Nations Jan 1934
Hitler signs 10yr non-aggression pact with Poland July 1934 Mussolini prevents Anschluss with Austria Jan 1935 Saar returned to Germany April 1935 Stresa Front formed June 1935 Anglo-German Naval Agreement October 1935 Mussolini invades Abyssinia March 1936 Rhineland remilitarised October 1936 Rome-Berlin Axis Spanish Civil War May 1937 Chamberlain becomes Prime Minister – APPEASEMENT March 1938 Anschluss with Austria September 1938 Munich Conference March 1939 Collapse of Czechoslovakia August 1939 Nazi-Soviet Pact September 1939 Attack on Poland and the outbreak of WWII

Timeline 1933 Jan 1934 Hitler signs 10yr non-aggression pact with Poland July 1934 Mussolini prevents Anschluss with Austria Saar returned to Germany April 1935 June 1935 Anglo-German Naval Agreement October 1935 Mussolini invades Abyssinia Rhineland remilitarised October 1936 Rome-Berlin Axis Spanish Civil War May 1937 Chamberlain becomes Prime Minister – APPEASEMENT March 1938 Munich Conference Collapse of Czechoslovakia August 1939 September 1939 Attack on Poland and the outbreak of WWII

1919, Treaty of Versailles = Germany “stabbed in the back”

Hitler’s Aims This is what he SAID he wanted, now let’s see what he actually did.

Unite all German speaking people in one single country.
Hitler’s Aims Unite all German speaking people in one single country. Put right all the harm the Treaty Of Versailles has done to Germany and make Germany great again. Get lebensraum [living space] for all the Germany people. We need colonies and land to house our huge population. This is what he SAID he wanted, now let’s see what he actually did.

Hitler’s Aims “It was necessary for us [the Nazi Party] to dig ourselves into the minds of the people as the enemies of the peace treaties so that the people give us their confidence.” MEIN KAMPF, 1923 This is what he SAID he wanted, now let’s see what he actually did. What does this source mean? Which parts of the treaty would he want to reverse to gain support?

How did Hitler plan to achieve these aims?
Take back land lost Bring the 7million German speakers in Austria and 4 million in Czechoslovakia and Poland in to his empire Build up the armed forces to make Germany great again Expand in the east and destroy Communism

German Foreign Policy 1933-35
10yr Non-Aggression Pact Rearmament German Foreign Policy Anglo-German Naval Agreement Failed Anschluss

1932 – Disarmament Conference France= never disarm 1933 – Hitler withdrew from Conference 1935 –Gr introduced conscription 1935 – Br, Fr & It = Stresa Front against Germany TofV= unfair FR = not act alone Germany and Poland signed a 10yr non-aggression pact Hitler promised not to take Polish corridor Pleased Britain German Foreign Policy 1935 – Britain pleased with Hitler Germany navy limited to 35% of British navy Britain agreed to German rearmament Br acted without Fr or It 1938 = 800,000 men; 47 u-boats; 2,000 aircraft 1934 – Austrian Nazi Party encouraged to rebel Austrian Chancellor Dollfuss killed Mussolini moved army to Austria to prevent Hitler from achieving Anschluss Hitler not strong enough so backed down

What were the terms of the TofV?
Under control of LofN for 15yrs France allowed to taker coal during that time 15 years a PLEBISCITE – LofN or Germany?

Saar Plebiscite 90% to reunite with Germany LEGAL reversal of the TofV

Rhineland

Rhineland, March 1936 Describe 7th March 1936
Germany in to the Rhineland Broke the TofV and Locarno Pact League condemned the action Explain German troops told to retreat if confronted Br & Fr more concerned with Mussolini and Abyssinia Fr = not prepared to act without Br Br = Hitler not doing anything wrong – “marching on to his own backyard” No one wanted war Br = TofV unfair Assess Hitler = reversed TofV = confidence Hitler = more popular in Germany Rome-Berlin Axis (fascists working together) Failure of the LofN to keep peace

ANSCHLUSS = UNION WITH AUSTRIA
Unite all German speakers Rumours of Nazi plot to overthrow Austrian Gov Schuschnigg = appeal to Hitler for help Seyss-Inquart = Min of Interior = in charge of the police Riots by Austrian Nazis = not stopped by police Schuschnigg = PLEBISCITE to decide whether to join with Germany Hitler = troops to border, called for Schuschnigg to resign Br&Fr did nothing Seyss-Inquart = Chancellor Germans invited to restore order

Austrian Plebiscite, April 1938
80,000 opponents arrested and put in concentration camps April = plebiscite 99.75% - YES vote for NAZIS

RESULTS LofN = not consulted Br = TofV too harsh
Br = feared communism more Austria = resources for Hitler to use TofV = reversal Hitler = more confident Germany = land on 3 sides of the Sudetenland Austrians welcomed Germany

Why did Chamberlain's policy of appeasement fail to prevent the outbreak of war in 1939?
FOR APPEASEMENT AGAINST APPEASEMENT

Why did Chamberlain's policy of appeasement fail to prevent the outbreak of war in 1939?
FOR APPEASEMENT AGAINST APPEASEMENT Avoid a war at all costs Hitler could not be trusted – broken promises since 1933 Depression Britain looked weak and encouraged Hitler League of Nations had failed Betrayed countries protected by the TofV Communism feared more than fascism Hitler increased strength and power

Sudetenland, 1938

Why did Hitler want the Sudetenland?
Unite all German speaking people = 3million in the Sudetenland Czech government accused of treating German speakers unfairly Henlein = Czech Nazi campaigned for independence from Czech

Munich Agreement Met at Bertesgaden, near Munich Czechs&France agree
Hitler demands the Sudetenland Areas with 50%+ Germans to Germany Czechs&France agree Meeting at Godesberg Hitler makes new demands - land to Poland and Hungary Britain rejects demands – war preparations begin Munich = Gr, Br, Fr, It Sudetenland to Hitler

Importance of the Munich Agreement
Hitler = Sudetenland without fighting Czechoslovakia betrayed Peace preserved Czechoslovakia = vulnerable to invasion Germany = more resources Britain speeded up rearmament USSR felt left out and betrayed

Czechoslovakia Munich Agreement = break up of Czechoslovakia
October&November 1938 = Poland&Hungary gained land from Czechoslovakia March 1939 = Slovaks press for independence too! Hitler marches in to Czechoslovakia to restore order Br&Fr protested but did not directly oppose!

Result Rank End of appeasement Hitler could not be trusted Memel (Lithuania) back to Germany Br&Fr signed an agreement to protect Poland Britain guaranteed the independence of Romania and Greece Hitler withdrew from the 10yr non-aggression pact with Poland and the Anglo-German Naval Agreement

What event?

What event? Nazi-Soviet Pact

Nazi Soviet Pact When? Why? What? Who?

Stalin prepare USSR for future attack
Nazi Soviet Pact August, 1939 When? Why? Stalin prepare USSR for future attack Stalin unhappy with Br&Fr leaving him out of Munich Stalin= Br and Fr using Germany against USSR Hitler avoided a war on 2 fronts Br&Fr lost a possible ally Not to fight against each other in the event of war Secret agreement to divide Poland What? Ribbentrop = Germany & Molotov= Russia Who?

Invasion of Poland April 1939 = Hitler demands Danzig
Believed Br and Fr wouldn’t go to war over Danzig 3rd September 1939 = Br declared war on Germany 1st September 1939

Put the following events in chronological order
Recap… Put the following events in chronological order

Munich Agreement Anglo-German Naval Agreement The retaking of the Saar Czechoslovakia Invasion of Poland Nazi-Soviet Pact Rearmament Anschluss (2nd attempt) Rhineland

Responsible for war…? SCORE EVENT Rearmament
Anglo-German Naval Agreement The retaking of the Saar Rhineland Anschluss (2nd attempt) Munich Agreement Czechoslovakia Nazi-Soviet Pact Invasion of Poland

International History, 1900-49
Test yourself Which British Prime Minister is most closely associated with appeasement? Name three countries that were appeased by Britain in the 1930s. In which year did Japan invade Manchuria? How large an army was Germany restricted to by the Treaty of Versailles? Which African state was invaded by Italy in 1935? Why did Britain try to turn a blind-eye to Mussolini's aggressive foreign policy in 1935? In which war did both Germany and Italy support the fascist dictator General Franco? Which clause of the Treaty of Versailles was broken by Germany in 1936? Which country became part of Germany after the Anschluss of 1938? What was the name of the largely German-speaking area of Czechoslovakia? Who was the leader of the Sudeten Germans? Essentially what was agreed to at the Munich Conference of 1938? Which Polish port was claimed by Germany in 1939? Which agreement between Germany and Russia prevented Russia from declaring war on Germany in 1939? What is the German word for the eastward expansion of Germany's frontiers in the 1930s and 40s which aimed to provide new lands for the German people? Why was Britain reluctant to formalise a defensive alliance with Russia in the 1930s?

Know what each question is about 4 marks 6 marks 10 marks

Exam Technique

4 mark questions Based on simple knowledge
Need to be more than just bullet points You need to describe (use knowledge to show) what is happening E.g. Think about what the league tried to do Explain what they did

So… Firstly the League of Nations tried to solve the Abyssinian crisis by... This was where... This would help solve the crisis because... Secondly the League tried to solve the Abyssinian crisis by... P L2-2 Ev Ex L2-3 P Ev Ex L3-4

6 mark questions You Must use the source You must use your knowledge

So… Firstly I agree with the content of the source as it shows ...
This tells me that... (In addition this source was made by...which...) HOWEVER, I also disagree with the source from my own knowledge... I know that the League was also weak because... In conclusion… Make a link, bring something new- develop your conclusion L2-2 P Ev Ex L3-4/5 P Ev Ex L4- 2 sides L4-6

10 mark questions Dead easy to get good marks! Mini essay question
It tells you what to talk about PEE to be used Argue one side Then the other Good conclusion to get top marks

Use this grid to help you!!!
On the one hand On the other hand Describe Explain Assess

On the one hand On the other hand Describe Land that Germany lost Danzig Saar Colonies Reparations enormous 6.6 billion Explain Why Germany hated this 12.5% of pop 10% of land Industrial areas Pride strength Economic collapse- WWI War guilt unfair Not agreed until 1921 Punishing the wrong government Assess (Conclusion) Impact on the economy Harder to recover Can’t make reparations payments led to 1923 Ruhr and hyper inflation Humiliation- troops in Ruhr How do they link? Which is most important?

On the one hand On the other hand Describe Land that Germany lost Danzig Saar Colonies Reparations enormous 6.6 billion Explain Why Germany hated this 12.5% of pop 10% of land Industrial areas Pride strength Economic collapse- WWI War guilt unfair Not agreed until 1921 Punishing the wrong government Assess (Conclusion) Impact on the economy Harder to recover Can’t make reparations payments led to 1923 Ruhr and hyper inflation Humiliation- troops in Ruhr How do they link? Which is most important? L1-1 L2-3/5 L3-6/8 L4-9/10

Examination Question Which was the more important as a reason for the failure of the League of Nations The Manchurian Crisis, The Abyssinian Crisis, ?

Answering the question
Introduction: Which crisis do you think was the more serious? Main Body: Describe the two crises briefly (remember beginning, middle and the end) Explain why you believe one was more important. Conclusion: The ________________was more important because it led to……

GCSE History Revision: Paper 1

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "GCSE History Revision: Paper 1"— Presentation transcript:

Similar presentations

About project

Feedback

Log in

Auth with social network:

GCSE History Revision: Paper 1

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "GCSE History Revision: Paper 1"— Presentation transcript:

Similar presentations

About project

Feedback