1. Outline of Feasibility Study on Safer Conventional Housing in Developing Countries in 2005/06 and Proposal of R&D activities Workshop on Safer Conventional Housing in Developing Countries Oct. 12, 2005 Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Tatsuo Narafu Senior Coordinator for International Cooperation Building Research Institute Japan (BRI)

2. Feasibility Study on a Comprehensive Approach to Safer Conventional Housing in DC’s Proposed by BRI Aim -to contribute to mitigate earthquake disasters through dissemination of appropriate technologies We are focusing on: -feasible and affordable technologies for communities/people -strategies for dissemination of technologies -diffusion and sustainable growing of technologies in communities along with economical effects such as job opportunities

3. Why mitigation of disasters by earthquakes? Earthquakes cause serious damages to human societies

4. Why conventional housing in developing countries? Developing countries are more vulnerable because they can not afford to be prepared Conventional housing should be focused because many people live there and has more to be done to be safe

5. Why comprehensive approach? Excellent technologies of industrialized countries can not necessarily improve the situation APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES APPROPRIATE means Affordable and Feasible We have to learn every aspects of each community such as materials, structures, labor skills, industries, economies & households

6. Why comprehensive approach? Technologies can work only when people/communities accept and introduce them Dissemination of technologies to people/communities is the key issue Developing countries do not have social infrastructures for disseminating technologies such as enforcement of standards Effective approach should be explored

7. Why comprehensive approach? Houses to be improved are huge amount Human resources and financial resources of donor side are limited Technologies must be accepted and brought up by people/communities in market mechanism of each community

8. Why comprehensive approach? “Mitigation of disasters by earthquakes requires COMPREHENSIVE approach including - Science - Engineering - Socio-economic studies - Policy studies - Development studies - other relevant studies Comprehensive approach requires participation of wide range of institutions of various fields both in industrialized and developing countries

9. Key words for safer conventional housing Appropriate technologies Dissemination of technologies Sustainable growing of technologies Collaboration of relevant stakeholders

10. Scope of R&D Activities on Comprehensive Approach A. Potential Hazard B. Characteristics of Targeted Housing type C. Technical Proposals D. Dissemination of Technologies E. Motivating of People/Communities F. Revolving System in Market Economy

11. Scope of R&D Activities on Comprehensive Approach A. Potential Hazard of earthquakes in each area as the starting point for identifying the hazard of earthquakes to be anticipated in order to target the goal - World wide picture prepared by IDNDR(UN International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction)/GSHAP(the Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program) - Potential hazard data prepared by each country A large amount of data is available at web site of IISEE/BRI thanks to contribution of participants of group training courses http://iisee.kenken.go.jp/net/worldmap.htm - Survey outputs by hazard mapping for specific districts - Surveys/researches implemented independently

12. Scope of R&D Activities on Comprehensive Approach B. Characteristics of Targeted Housing type B1 Materials and members B2 Structures B3 Construction procedures * huge diversity of materials, structures and construction work * two types of approach -generalization/reductive approach (study on common issues ) -targeting approach ( case studies ) cf. approach of WHE (World Housing Encyclopedia) of EERI ( Earthquake Engineering Research Institute ) Housing Reports and Tutorials on typical construction types http://www.world-housing.net/

13. Scope of R&D Activities on Comprehensive Approach B. Characteristics of Targeted Housing type B1 Materials and members B2 Structures B3 Construction procedures * so many proposals/ideas for seismic designs on laboratory basis * a few approaches on practice basis * studies on materials and members should be investigated such as durability, physical/chemical effects by humidity, thermal, contaminators, UV rays and others We can expect much from studies in historical buildings and remains * production management/quality control is extremely important especially in conventional housing cf. lessons from EqTAP Metro Manila Case Study

14. Scope of R&D Activities on Comprehensive Approach C. Technical Proposals B1 Materials and members - conventional materials - introduction from other fields B2 Structures - conventional method - new technologies B3 Construction procedures - quality control of materials and members - improvement of skills of local labors

15. Scope of R&D Activities on Comprehensive Approach D. Dissemination of Technologies Combination of FORMAL approach and INFOMAL approach is necessary D1 Industries and professions - standards and codes - training programs - easy manuals, AV materials and others - collaboration with NPO’s D2 People and communities - demonstrations, AV materials and others - collaboration with NPO’s - school programs

16. Scope of R&D Activities on Comprehensive Approach E. Motivating of People/Communities E1 Financial approach loans, provision of materials and others E2 Collaboration with projects for improvement of living environments, health & hygiene or others E3 Collaboration with NGO activities

17. Scope of R&D Activities on Comprehensive Approach F. Revolving System in Market Economy ( Vitalization of local economies so as to provide more job opportunities and income of households, followed by more investment for safer housing) F1 Local material industries F2 Local labor force F3 Market, transport and related industries

18. What we should do for next step? So wide range we should cover Many researches, surveys, pilot projects have been done in Japan and in the world Insufficient opportunities to exchange information, lessons, views and ideas Open forum for all people relevant to mitigation of disasters

19. Achievement of Building Research Institute Japan (BRI) Group training courses for experts all over the world for more than 40 years Implementation of ODA projects to establish national and regional center for disaster mitigation in 8 countries so far, which cover conventional housing Contribution to establish international network through IISEE net (International Institute for Seismology and Earthquake Engineering) Large compilation of experiences for safer housing/buildings in Japan BRI is preparing a new R&D program focusing on safer housing in DC’s based on experiences and knowledge mentioned above

20. Procedures of R&D on safer housing 2005/06 Feasibility study - survey on R&D, projects and others concerning the theme - workshop for inputs on Oct. 12 &13 - proposal on R&D activities - applying for financial resources 2006/07 – 2010/11 R&D activities - establishment of cooperative relations with collaborating organizations both in developing countries and industrialized countries - implementation of R&D activities - documentation of outputs of R&D - disseminating activities of R&D outputs as common Knowledge Platform Sustainable development of the common Platform - revolving scheme of updating and upgrading

21. Feasibility Study on a Comprehensive Approach to Safer Conventional Housing in DC’s Outline of R&D (tentative) duration: about five years case study in several countries: (tentative: Peru, Indonesia, Nepal, Turkey) Activities in 2005 feasibility study in partnership with National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management (NILIM), United Nations Center for Regional Development (UNCRD), universities and research institutes *Financial resources for R&D activities to apply for R&D/ODA resources by a proposal elaborated with inputs from WS and others

22. BRI tries to strengthen partnership with researchers, engineers and people in practice in the world and to contribute to safer built environment Thank you