1. Public Opinion Research in Developing Countries: Papua New Guinea By: Stephen Hornbeck D3 Systems Inc.

2. 8000 Towers Crescent Dr. Suite 1350 Vienna, Virginia 22182 USA Ph.703.225.0884 Fx.703.225.6465 www.D3systems.com.... D3 Systems, Inc. Proprietary and confidential information © 2007 all rights reserved D3 Systems Inc. D3 Systems, Inc. is a full-service market and social research company which has served the research needs of an international clientele since 1985. D3 has particular expertise at providing global research solutions in difficult environments for –for audience and media measurement, –news organizations –public policy formulation –and international development and assistance programming. D3 has conducted regional and country-specific research in more than 95 countries worldwide.

3. Papua New Guinea Located on the Eastern side of New Guinea, next to Indonesia, in the Oceania group of islands. Population of approximately 5,931,769 (July 2008 est.) Language: Over 820 indigenous spoken GDP: $5.914 Billion (American Dollars) Life Expectancy: 66 Years Madang Sources: CIA World Factbook: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pp.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pp.html Encyclopedia Britannica: http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9049873/Madang Port City located on the northeastern coast along the Bismarck Sea. Serves as a distribution point to the center of the country. Main industry is in Timber

4. The Study D3 Systems, in coordination with Terror Free Tomorrow, conducted a survey in Madang to gauge public opinion towards terrorism and research possible programs to decrease support. The survey also focused on the U.S. Navy’s humanitarian missions and their effects on public opinion.

5. Problem 1: No effective field force in place. Solution 1: D3 Systems and its partners built up a field team from the ground up. Problem 2: First field team was ineffective Solution 2: The first field team was dismissed and the data disregarded. A second team was created using more experienced workers. Problems faced in Papua New Guinea

6. Problem 3: Security a.Madang is reported to be among the most dangerous cities in the world and interviewing in residential neighborhoods at night was too dangerous. b.The majority of residential areas in Madang empty out during the day while people go to work, market, and other activities (creating a problem in terms of securing male respondents for interviews). Solution 3 We switched to a system by which the majority of interviews were being conducted on weekend days. We worked to restructure the interviewing team and bring in more experienced interviewers to handle these weekend focused shifts.

7. Problems faced in Papua New Guinea Problem 4: Lack of Demographic Information Solution 4: a. Interviews were distributed across the following areas based on the best known information on the areas Wagol (11%), Mimilon / Modilon (28%), Yomba (11%), Kalibobo (27%), New Town (19%), other areas (4%). b. Because information about the exact distribution of males and females in Madang is not known, it was decided to set up a quota for 250 males and 250 females.

8. Methodology During field work, 618 contact attempts were made to yield the 500 completed interviews. Of these, 67 resulted in non-contacts and 51 refusals yielding a Response Rate of 81% and a Cooperation Rate of 91% Due to the limited amount of census information available for Madang, interviews were distributed according to the best know information about the area’s population distribution. The poll has a +/- 4.4% margin of error at the 95% confidence interval.

9. Methodology II The final interviews were conducted by 8 specially trained interviewers from Madang and Port Moresby who are citizens of Papua New Guinea. The target sample was a random selection of residents of Madang, both male and female, above the age of 18. No more than 10 interviews were conducted in any single location within in each of major areas of Madang (Yielding 61 individual sampling units)

11. Why do this research? Though research in the developing world can be hindered with many challenges, as the world becomes more interconnected, giving a voice to the people of these countries and understanding them is becoming increasingly important for the direction of policies for the public good.