1. The echo-enabled harmonic generation (EEHG) options for FLASH II Haixiao Deng, Winfried Decking, Bart Faatz FEL division, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics (SINAP) Hasylab, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) DESY, Hamburg, Dec 06, 2010 denghaixiao@sinap.ac.cn Free Electron Laser Beam Dynamics Meeting

2. Contents Introduction EEHG options for FLASH II Numerical modeling Beam energy chirp & CSR effects FEL properties & Discussions Summary & Outlook Acknowledgments

3. Introduction Echo-enabled harmonic generation (EEHG)

4. Why EEHG ? G. Stupakov, EEHG for seeded FEL-theory and experiment, KEK, Nov, 2010

5. Current status of EEHG Works in the theoretical frame G. Stupakov., PRL, 102, 074801 (2009) D. Xiang et al., PR-ST AB, 12, 030702 (2009) D. Xiang et al., PR-ST AB, 12, 080701 (2009) Z. Huang et al., FEL09, MOPC45 D. Xiang et al., PR-ST AB, 12, 060701 (2009) G. Pen et al., NIMA, 612, 254 (2010) J. Yan et al., NIMA, 621, 97 (2010) Experimental demonstration of the EEHG signal at SDUV-FEL & NLCTA, independently. Z. T. Zhao et al., IPAC10, FEL10 D. Xiang et al., PRL, 105, 114801 (2010) FERMI, Swiss-FEL, FLASH II, LCLS II/III etc.

6. EEHG options for FLASH II

8. EEHG optimization for FLASH II EEHG theoryEEHG simulation: steady-state

9. Main parameters

10. The ideal projected bunching 20th harmonic 60th harmonic 40th harmonic

11. Numerical modeling Macro-particles generator (GENESIS & ASTRA ) 3D laser-beam interaction in Modulator1 (MATLAB program) 3D laser-beam interaction in Modulator2 & Chicane 2 * (MATLAB program) Particle tracking in Chicane1 (ELEGANT & CSRtrack) Self-consistent FEL simulation in the main radiator (GENESIS) * The dynamics of Chicane 2 (small R56) is just linear optics

12. Numerical modeling All procedures are controlled by MATLAB scripts

13. Laser-beam interaction algorithm Detuning of LCLS laser-heaterCEP effects of a fs laser No FEL equation induced, capable for fs seed laser Beam dynamics under field maps (Electric & magnetic) Radiations from the electron beam are ignored Haixiao Deng et al, Chinese Physics C, 2011, in press

14. Self-consistent FEL simulation The problem in the conventional s2e simulation Self-consistent s2e FEL simulation * SASE start-up, fluctuation and noise propagation 1pC, single-spike mode for SXFEL, 6M macro-particles * Jun Yan, Meng Zhang and Haixiao Deng, NIMA 615, 249 (2010)

15. Beam energy chirp & CSR effects Flash 1nC s2e results Z. Huang et al., FEL09, MOPC45

16. Energy chirp effects 20th harmonic60th harmonic40th harmonic

17. The CSR-induced emittance growth 60th harmonic EEHG for FLASH II, 2.5kA peak current case 10% growth of the projected emittance

18. CSR effects on EEHG microbunching Without CSR2.5kA, with CSR1.25kA, with CSR 20th harmonic EEHG for FLASH II

19. CSR effects on EEHG microbunching Without CSR2.5kA, with CSR1.25kA, with CSR 40th harmonic EEHG for FLASH II

20. CSR effects on EEHG microbunching Without CSR2.5kA, with CSR1.25kA, with CSR 60th harmonic EEHG for FLASH II

21. How CSR induces degradation ? Firstly, the electron beam radiates significant CSR filed in the chicane. Secondly, CSR-beam interaction introduces the energy modulation. Since the longitudinal variation of the CSR field, it results different energy chirp in different part of the beam. Thirdly, different parts of the electron beam shift to different microbunching wavelength. Thus, the projected microbunching bandwidth is broadened and the bunching factor is degraded.

22. FEL performances & Discussions 20th harmonic60th harmonic40th harmonic Blue: 1.25kA peak current case Red: 2.50kA peak current case Initial sliced bunching factor at the radiator entrance

23. Peak power & pulse energy

24. Radiation power & radiation phase

25. D1. benchmark with CSRtrack Elegant results CSRtrack results Hereafter, several interested issues are stressed, we use the 20th harmonic EEHG option of FLASH II, 2.5kA peak current case in the following discussions.

26. D1. benchmark with CSRtrack Elegant resultsCSRtrack results With the presence of the ‘projected’ type CSR force, the bandwidth of the projected bunching factor is broadened and the amplitude of the projected bunching factor degraded. It is reasonably agree with the ELEGANT results. Meanwhile, some differences are observed, which may be attributed by the numerical errors.

27. D2. sensitivity on the 2nd chicane Microbunching wavelength.vs. R56(2) With chirp & without CSR effects Microbunching factor.vs. R56(2) Without chirp & with CSR effects A stability of 1% of the R56 in the 2nd chicane is required.

28. D3. dependence on macro-particles Peak power growth Pulse energy growth

29. Initial sliced bunching D3. dependence on macro-particles Saturated radiation pulse

30. D4. longitudinal coherence TBP=0.5, close to FTLTBP=1,close to FTL

31. D4. longitudinal coherence 6 times larger bandwidth than FTLTBP=1,close to FTL

32. D5. EEHG fine structures The EEHG story was preserved at each local region of the electron beam

33. D6. MBI in the large chicane Z. Huang et al., SLAC-PUB 9538 (2002).

34. D7. issues on the seed laser noise 1% RMS amplitude noise and 1 degree RMS phase noise are introduced

35. D7. issues on the seed laser noise Only 1% RMS amplitude noise of 262nm seed laser, no shot noise, no CSR

36. D7. issues on the seed laser noise Electron beam shot noise is not included, we use 200 slices flat-top beam

37. Summary & Outlook Robust numerical model for EEHG is developed by combining the existing well-benchmarked code. It is capable for linear energy chirp, CSR and the seed laser noise simulation. Energy chirp induces beam modulation frequency shift. CSR degrades the projected bunching a lot, but it has a limited effects on the sliced bunching, especially when the seed laser is under 100fs, or even shorter. EEHG options for FLASH II was studied for the first time. From the simulation, at even 60th high harmonic case, the strong coherent harmonic generation and longitudinal coherence can be preserved in EEHG. However, we should start from the 20th harmonic EEHG case.

38. Summary & Outlook Future suggestions on EEHG simulation How to preserve the noise level of a Gaussian bunch ? Do we need a new CSR model for EEHG modulated micro-structures ? As the energy modulation induced by a laser-heater, can the beam shot noise damp the seed laser noise effects to some extent ? Start2end simulation. i.e., including bunch compressor of FLASH LINAC and the extraction arc of FLASH II. The pulse edge of the 262nm seed laser would attribute the bandwidth broadening in EEHG. More tolerance studies, time jitter effects. Alternative Chicane parameters. CSR effects in Chicane 2, etc.

39. Acknowledgments Jianhui Chen, Meng Zhang, Bo Liu, Qiang Gu, Dong Wang and Zhimin Dai from SINAP, Matthias Scholz, Igor Zagorodnov, Torsten Limberg and Martin Dohlus from DESY, Yuhui Li from European XFEL, Yuantao Ding, Juhao Wu and Zhirong Huang from SLAC, Jun Yan from DUKE University. Winfried Special thanks to Dong Wang, Winfried Decking and Bart Faatz for organization and operation of such a collaboration. Thanks for your attentions