2.  The timeline  The exact point(moment)of action  The approach to the action,

3. *No point of action!

6. V1V2V3V4 Regular verbs The Infinitive Ved Ving Irregular verbs Past SimplePast ParticiplePresent Participle

7. Time Aspect of Time PastPresentFutureFuture in the Past Simple Do+V1 V2V1Will + V1Would + V1 Did+V1Do+V1+s(es)Will+V1Would + V1 Didn’t+V1Do(es)n’t+V1Won’t+V1Wouldn’t + V1 Progres sive Be+V4 Will be+V4Would be + V4 Was Were + V4 Am Is + V4 Are Will be + V4Would be + V1 Wasn’t Weren’t+V4 Am not Isn’t +V4 Aren’t Won’t be+V4Wouldn’t be + V1 Perfect Have+ V3 Have + V3 Will have + V3Would have + V3 Had + V3Have + V3Will have + V3Would have + V3 Hadn’t + V3Haven’t + V3Won’t have + V3Wouldn’t have + V3 Perfect Progres sive Have been+ V4 Have been +V4 Will have been + V4Would have been +V4 Had been +V4Have been +V4Will have been + V4Would have been +V4 Hadn’t been +V4 Haven’t been +V4Won’t have been + V4 Wouldn’t have been +V4 Active

8. Time Aspect of Time PastPresentFutureFuture in the Past Simple Be+V3 Was Were + V3 Am Is + V3 Are Will be + V3Would + V3 Progres sive Be being+ V4 Was Were being + V3 Am Is being+ V3 Are Will being + V3Would be + V3 Perfect Have been+ V3 Had been + V3Have been + V3Will have been + V3 Would have been+ V3 Perfect Progres sive *The formulae in red are non- existent Passive

9. Adding to final E Adding to final Y Adding to final C Other cases ED-endingletter E is usually dropped before adding the ending Y changes to I if Y stands alone after a consonant final C changes to CK to keep the sound [k] the final single consonant letter that stands after a short stressed vowel is doubled ING-endingY has no changes