1. Development of Cryogenic Insulation Material for Liquefied Hydrogen. Experience in Space Programs Uldis Stirna, Ugis Cabulis, Anda Fridrihsone Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry Workshop „Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Research and Application”, Oct.4-5, 2012, Riga

2. Development of Cryogenic Insulation Material for Liquefied Hydrogen founded in 1946 120 employees 32 doctors of science turnover 2.0 mil. EUR The main scientific research are based on the beneficial and ecologically balanced technologies aimed at maximum and sustainable usage of the plant biomass potential. Workshop „Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Research and Application”, Oct.4-5, 2012, Riga

3. Development of Cryogenic Insulation Material for Liquefied Hydrogen Workshop „Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Research and Application”, Oct.4-5, 2012, Riga Polymer laboratory Present EVolutionBioPurFil Polymer laboratory History The first activities in polyurethane chemistry in 1964, In PUR chemistry and technology 40 years, Main activities in field – PUR from renewable raw materials: tall oil, oxalic acid, different vegetable oils, starch.

4. Development of Cryogenic Insulation Material for Liquefied Hydrogen Workshop „Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Research and Application”, Oct.4-5, 2012, Riga Polymer laboratory HistoryPresent

5. Development of Cryogenic Insulation Material for Liquefied Hydrogen Workshop „Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Research and Application”, Oct.4-5, 2012, Riga LH2 & LOX Tank Configuration for the Upper Stage

6. Development of Cryogenic Insulation Material for Liquefied Hydrogen Workshop „Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Research and Application”, Oct.4-5, 2012, Riga Cryogenic Insulation Requirements Thermal: heat flux < 0.2 W/m² h  minimized boil-off mass  low therm.conductivity especcially in cryogenic regime required. Resistance against aerothermal heating: > 10kW/m² & higher  no significant degradation  low flammability  self extinguishing. Thermal expansion: difference in thermal expansion of substrates and insulation shall be low. Cryo-pumping: low or negligible  influenced by morphological structure Mechanical properties: -Tensile strength (avoid crack formation due to thermal and pressure loads), -Compressive strength  difficult in cryo regime, -Shear strength  loads from flow field in outer layer and I/F to substrate. Permeability: limit concentration of hazardous gases and those which can degrade thermal performance  compatibility to purging gases (He + N2). Mass & volume: m< 2.2kg/m², thickness < 60mm. Other requirements:  pollution during ground & flight  recurring costs.

7. Development of Cryogenic Insulation Material for Liquefied Hydrogen Workshop „Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Research and Application”, Oct.4-5, 2012, Riga External Tank Insulation Cryogenic Resistance SOFI Material Deffects SOFI Material Morphology Chemical Structure and M c of Foam Material Polymer Matrix Foams Mechanical and Thermal Properties Thermal Stresses and Thermal Strain Properties Thermal and Diffusion Properties (Cryopumping) SOFI Material Technological Parameters

8. Development of Cryogenic Insulation Material for Liquefied Hydrogen Workshop „Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Research and Application”, Oct.4-5, 2012, Riga Conventional PU foams M c influence on mechanical characteristics

9. Development of Cryogenic Insulation Material for Liquefied Hydrogen Workshop „Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Research and Application”, Oct.4-5, 2012, Riga Conventional PU foams M c influence on mechanical characteristics

10. Development of Cryogenic Insulation Material for Liquefied Hydrogen Workshop „Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Research and Application”, Oct.4-5, 2012, Riga Conventional foams M c influence on mechanical characteristics Cryogenic foams K s =  77 /  l 77-300

11. Development of Cryogenic Insulation Material for Liquefied Hydrogen Workshop „Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Research and Application”, Oct.4-5, 2012, Riga - + The middle layer during the flight should perform mainly the functions of a good thermal insulation material The layer adjacent to the metal (the cold part), are especially important – this layer should be capable of resisting the tensile stress, which arises as the LH 2 tank is fuelled The upper layer of spray PUR performs mainly the heat protection functions

12. Development of Cryogenic Insulation Material for Liquefied Hydrogen Workshop „Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Research and Application”, Oct.4-5, 2012, Riga Thermal Conductance Measurements at Cryogenic Temperatures

13. Development of Cryogenic Insulation Material for Liquefied Hydrogen Workshop „Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Research and Application”, Oct.4-5, 2012, Riga Cooperation with EADS Astrium GmbH since 2005, the following common projects were done: 2005 No. M15/4500089060 Feasibility Study on Cryogenic Insulation materials and Technologies

14. Development of Cryogenic Insulation Material for Liquefied Hydrogen Workshop „Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Research and Application”, Oct.4-5, 2012, Riga 2006 - 07 No. 06/ASTRIUM GmbH / Latvian C3B / 0001 Feasibility Study, Preparation of the First Feasability Tests 2007 - 08 No. 07/ASTRIUM GmbH / Latvian C3B / 0001 C 3 B – Technologies for re-ignitable cryogenic upper stages, Internal Insulation (ITI) 2006 No. 06/EADS-ST GmbH/ Latvian / 1 / D.2371.01 Bacground study 2009 - 10 No. 09/ASTRIUM GmbH / LSIWC-Success/0001 Continuation of External Cryogenic Insulation (ETI) Development 2007 - 08 No. 07/ASTRIUM GmbH / Latvian C3B / 0002 External Thermal Insulation (ETI)

15. Development of Cryogenic Insulation Material for Liquefied Hydrogen Workshop „Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Research and Application”, Oct.4-5, 2012, Riga 15

16. Development of Cryogenic Insulation Material for Liquefied Hydrogen Workshop „Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Research and Application”, Oct.4-5, 2012, Riga

17. Development of Cryogenic Insulation Material for Liquefied Hydrogen Workshop „Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Research and Application”, Oct.4-5, 2012, Riga Thank you for attention !