1. Don’t Lose Your Head! Charles I Game Q #1 Q#2 Q#3 Q#4 Q#5Q#6Q#7Q#8

2. Background: In 1649, the King of England, Charles I, was beheaded. Since 1642, he had been involved in a bitter Civil War with Parliament. In this game you will take the role of King Charles, and will make a number of decisions about how to run your country. After making each decision you will be told what the result of it was, and how it compares to what Charles really did. Since 1642, he had been involved in a bitter Civil War with Parliament. In this game you will take the role of King Charles, and will make a number of decisions about how to run your country. After making each decision you will be told what the result of it was, and how it compares to what Charles really did.

3. Question 1: What is Your Attitude Toward Parliament? It is 1625. You have just become King, and it is time to make up your first speech to Parliament. You realize that Parliament is very important for your power, because it raises money for you in the form of taxes. Crowds cheer as you make your way into the Palace of Westminster, dressed in all your robes of state. The House of Commons all stand up as you enter, and you take your seat at the far end of the Chamber. Everyone else sits down and waits in silence to hear what you have to say.

4. What is the main message of your speech likely to be? Option I: “I have been chosen by God to rule this country, and it is the duty of Parliament to obey my orders so that the county can be strong and unified.” Option 2: “I have been given this job by the people of Kingdom, and I plan to reach all my decisions after discussing the options with Parliament- even if this means that things get done more slowly.” Option I: “I have been chosen by God to rule this country, and it is the duty of Parliament to obey my orders so that the county can be strong and unified.” Option 2: “I have been given this job by the people of Kingdom, and I plan to reach all my decisions after discussing the options with Parliament- even if this means that things get done more slowly.” Option 1Option 2

5. Option 1 Parliament is not very impressed with your speech, which seems unnecessarily aggressive. There are lots of mumbles of discontent as you march out. You may be storing up problems for the future! The likelihood of Civil War rises by 20% What really happened? Parliament is not very impressed with your speech, which seems unnecessarily aggressive. There are lots of mumbles of discontent as you march out. You may be storing up problems for the future! The likelihood of Civil War rises by 20% What really happened? What Really Happened?

6. Option 2 Parliament is very impressed with your speech. You seem to be a King who respects them and they just hope that you will stick by your promises. Well done - the chances of Civil War do not rise at all! Well done - the chances of Civil War do not rise at all! What really happened? Parliament is very impressed with your speech. You seem to be a King who respects them and they just hope that you will stick by your promises. Well done - the chances of Civil War do not rise at all! Well done - the chances of Civil War do not rise at all! What really happened? What Really Happened?

7. Question 1: What Really Happened? In reality, Charles said that he had been chosen by God to rule the country, and that it was the duty of Parliament to obey his orders so that the country could be strong and united.He called this idea "Divine Right" - in other words, a right given by God. In reality, Charles said that he had been chosen by God to rule the country, and that it was the duty of Parliament to obey his orders so that the country could be strong and united.He called this idea "Divine Right" - in other words, a right given by God.

8. Question 2: A Royal Marriage? Following your speech to Parliament, you get down to the everyday business of government, which you find very tiring.Your best friend, the Duke of Buckingham (a former favorite of your father), notices how worn out you are and takes you out for the day horse-riding (right).Eventually, you are deep in the countryside and you stop for a bite to eat. Climbing off his horse, Buckingham passes you his drinking flask and asks if you have given any more thought to getting married now that you are King. What do you say? Following your speech to Parliament, you get down to the everyday business of government, which you find very tiring.Your best friend, the Duke of Buckingham (a former favorite of your father), notices how worn out you are and takes you out for the day horse-riding (right).Eventually, you are deep in the countryside and you stop for a bite to eat. Climbing off his horse, Buckingham passes you his drinking flask and asks if you have given any more thought to getting married now that you are King. What do you say?

9. Question 2: A Royal Marriage? What do you say? Option 1: I'll marry an English Protestant, so that Parliament can see that I am reliable and trustworthy." Option 2: "I plan to stay single. Children could grow up and maybe steal my throne.” Option 3: "I'll marry a French Catholic, so that Parliament can see that I am friendly to all religions and countries." What do you say? Option 1: I'll marry an English Protestant, so that Parliament can see that I am reliable and trustworthy." Option 2: "I plan to stay single. Children could grow up and maybe steal my throne.” Option 3: "I'll marry a French Catholic, so that Parliament can see that I am friendly to all religions and countries." Option 1 Option 2Option 3

10. Option 1: Marry a Protestant This is probably the most sensible option. Catholic countries won't be happy, but at least your own Parliament will be convinced that you can be relied upon to protect the Church of England. Puritans too are less likely to be angered by this policy.Well done - the chances of Civil War have not risen! What Really Happened?

11. Option 2: Don’t Marry This might be a sensible option in the short term, but in the long term it means that the country will face all sorts of problems about finding a new King after you are gone. When members of Parliament (MPs) get to hear of your decision they are very worried - a lot of them can remember the problems created by Elizabeth's refusal to marry.The likelihood of Civil War rises by 5%. This might be a sensible option in the short term, but in the long term it means that the country will face all sorts of problems about finding a new King after you are gone. When members of Parliament (MPs) get to hear of your decision they are very worried - a lot of them can remember the problems created by Elizabeth's refusal to marry.The likelihood of Civil War rises by 5%. What Really Happened?

12. Option 3: Marry a French Catholic This is not a very wise choice. Parliament is absolutely appalled that their King is getting married to a CATHOLIC! They are incredibly suspicious that you are maybe a Catholic yourself, and will be keeping a very close eye on you from now on...The likelihood of Civil War rises by 10%! What Really Happened?

13. Question 2: What REALLY Happened? Charles not only married a CATHOLIC, but a FRENCH one! This was not popular at all in Parliament.Many people thought that maybe Charles himself was a secret Catholic.The new Queen's name was Henrietta Maria (shown here with her son, the future Charles II).

14. Question 3: Should you Hand Buckingham over to Parliament? Following your wedding, Buckingham tells you of his exciting (but expensive) plan to attack the Spanish with a fleet of ships. You love the idea, and although Parliament is not very keen, it eventually gives you the money for the operation.Buckingham sets off, but within a few days you get reports that he has made a complete pig's ear of the whole thing. Some ships have been sunk by the Spanish galleons, many men have been killed, and Buckingham is sailing back to England in disgrace.Parliament is furious, and is demanding that Buckingham be put into prison as soon as he gets back.

15. Question 3: Should you hand Buckingham over to Parliament? Option 1: Agree to Parliament's demands. Buckingham messed it up, and should pay the penalty! Option 2: Refuse to punish Buckingham, who is a loyal friend. Instead, put some MP's in prison to show who is the real boss around here. Option 3: Send Buckingham to court and let them decide what should be done. Option 1: Agree to Parliament's demands. Buckingham messed it up, and should pay the penalty! Option 2: Refuse to punish Buckingham, who is a loyal friend. Instead, put some MP's in prison to show who is the real boss around here. Option 3: Send Buckingham to court and let them decide what should be done. Option 1 Option 2 Option 3

16. Option 1: You do not rate very highly as a friend, but at least you are realistic. By sacrificing Buckingham you are able to distance yourself from his failure and not take too much blame. You avoid civil war with 0% raise… You do not rate very highly as a friend, but at least you are realistic. By sacrificing Buckingham you are able to distance yourself from his failure and not take too much blame. You avoid civil war with 0% raise… What Really Happened?

17. Option 2: Buckingham breathes a sigh of relief, but Parliament is absolutely outraged by your behavior. The likelihood of Civil War rises by 10%. Buckingham breathes a sigh of relief, but Parliament is absolutely outraged by your behavior. The likelihood of Civil War rises by 10%. What Really Happened?

18. Option 3: A clever move, in a way - you avoid siding either with Buckingham or Parliament. However, neither side is happy with this. It looks like you haven't got the guts to decide what should be done for yourself. The likelihood of Civil War rises by 5%. A clever move, in a way - you avoid siding either with Buckingham or Parliament. However, neither side is happy with this. It looks like you haven't got the guts to decide what should be done for yourself. The likelihood of Civil War rises by 5%. What Really Happened?

19. Question 3: What Really Happened? Charles stood by his friend. This saved the life of Buckingham (right), but Parliament was furious with the way that the King clearly didn't care about what it wanted.In the end, Charles's support didn't save Buckingham, who was assassinated a couple of years later. Charles was deeply upset, but most MP's were secretly glad that he was out of the picture at last.

20. Question 4: How Should You React to the Petition of Right? Following the disastrous Spanish campaign, Parliament produces the the Petition of Right, which says that the King will have to deal much more closely with Parliament in future and ask their permission before reaching any important decisions.You initially refuse to sign, but it becomes clear that if you do not sign then Parliament will not be willing to give you any more money.What do you do?

21. Question 4: Option 1: Sign, but ignore it completely afterwards - in this way Parliament will feel successful but you will keep all your power. Option 2: Sign, and stick by it - Parliament represents the people and you need them on your side. Option 3: Send in your troops and make it clear that you will not be bullied by these jumped-up nobodies. Option 1: Sign, but ignore it completely afterwards - in this way Parliament will feel successful but you will keep all your power. Option 2: Sign, and stick by it - Parliament represents the people and you need them on your side. Option 3: Send in your troops and make it clear that you will not be bullied by these jumped-up nobodies. Option 1 Option 2 Option 3

22. Option 1: With a great show of reluctance, you sign the Petition of Right and then leave Parliament.They are very happy that you have been prepared to compromise like this.It is only a matter of time, though, before they realize that you have no intention of sticking to the Petition... The likelihood of Civil War rises by 5%! With a great show of reluctance, you sign the Petition of Right and then leave Parliament.They are very happy that you have been prepared to compromise like this.It is only a matter of time, though, before they realize that you have no intention of sticking to the Petition... The likelihood of Civil War rises by 5%! What Really Happened?

23. Option 2: You sign the Petition, and stick by it.Many people are surprised that you give in so easily to the demands of Parliament, and think that you are a bit spineless. Parliament, though, is overjoyed. It seems that you have managed to avoid leading the country any closer to Civil War on this occasion - well done! What really happened? You sign the Petition, and stick by it.Many people are surprised that you give in so easily to the demands of Parliament, and think that you are a bit spineless. Parliament, though, is overjoyed. It seems that you have managed to avoid leading the country any closer to Civil War on this occasion - well done! What really happened? What Really Happened?

24. Option 3: This does not do anything to improve your reputation. All you do is appear aggressive and bossy. The fact remains that Parliament is where you will get your money from, and you cannot afford to anger them too much. he likelihood of Civil War rises by 10%! The likelihood of Civil War rises by 10%! What really happened? This does not do anything to improve your reputation. All you do is appear aggressive and bossy. The fact remains that Parliament is where you will get your money from, and you cannot afford to anger them too much. he likelihood of Civil War rises by 10%! The likelihood of Civil War rises by 10%! What really happened? What Really Happened?

25. Question 4: What Really Happened? Charles signed the Petition of Right, but had no intention whatsoever of sticking to it. Parliament soon realized this, and leading MP's like John Pym (right) now began to feel that Charles was not a man who could be trusted. Charles signed the Petition of Right, but had no intention whatsoever of sticking to it. Parliament soon realized this, and leading MP's like John Pym (right) now began to feel that Charles was not a man who could be trusted.

26. Question 5: How Should I Use the Ship Money? You are fed up with Parliament trying to boss you around, and have it dissolved. However, you still need the money which Parliament usually gives you, and so you decide to raise some Ship Money. This is a tax which is usually paid by towns on the coast during a war so that ships can be built to protect them. Where shall you impose Ship Money? You are fed up with Parliament trying to boss you around, and have it dissolved. However, you still need the money which Parliament usually gives you, and so you decide to raise some Ship Money. This is a tax which is usually paid by towns on the coast during a war so that ships can be built to protect them. Where shall you impose Ship Money?

27. Question 5: Options Option 1: Coastal counties. I won't raise much, but neither will so many people be annoyed with me! Option 2: Coastal counties and inland counties everywhere. That way, I'll raise loads of cash! Option 3: Coastal counties, then inland counties. In this way I won't risk annoying so many people at the same time! Option 1: Coastal counties. I won't raise much, but neither will so many people be annoyed with me! Option 2: Coastal counties and inland counties everywhere. That way, I'll raise loads of cash! Option 3: Coastal counties, then inland counties. In this way I won't risk annoying so many people at the same time! Option 1Option 2Option 3

28. Option 1: A sensible policy, although the coastal towns are very angry about the tax because the country isn't even at war! The likelihood of Civil War rises by 5%. A sensible policy, although the coastal towns are very angry about the tax because the country isn't even at war! The likelihood of Civil War rises by 5%. What Really Happened?

29. Option 2: A terrible error. The country isn't even at war to start with, and of what use will ships be for Midland counties?! It is quite clear to the public that this is just an easy way for you to raise money without having to go to Parliament. The likelihood of Civil War rises by 10%. A terrible error. The country isn't even at war to start with, and of what use will ships be for Midland counties?! It is quite clear to the public that this is just an easy way for you to raise money without having to go to Parliament. The likelihood of Civil War rises by 10%. What Really Happened?

30. Option 3: It makes a lot of sense to introduce the policy gradually to see how badly people react. Nevertheless, the country isn't even at war to start with, and of what use will ships be for Midland counties?! It is quite clear to the public that this is just an easy way for you to raise money without having to go to Parliament. The likelihood of Civil War rises by 8%. It makes a lot of sense to introduce the policy gradually to see how badly people react. Nevertheless, the country isn't even at war to start with, and of what use will ships be for Midland counties?! It is quite clear to the public that this is just an easy way for you to raise money without having to go to Parliament. The likelihood of Civil War rises by 8%. What Really Happened?

31. Question 5: What Really Happened? Charles imposed Ship Money firstly on the coastal counties, then on the inland counties as well. This was deeply resented, because not only was the country not at war, but even if it was then the inland counties would hardly need ships to protect them!One man, John Hampden, refused to pay the money, and was taken to court. The judges were on Charles's side and decided that Hampden had to pay. Charles imposed Ship Money firstly on the coastal counties, then on the inland counties as well. This was deeply resented, because not only was the country not at war, but even if it was then the inland counties would hardly need ships to protect them!One man, John Hampden, refused to pay the money, and was taken to court. The judges were on Charles's side and decided that Hampden had to pay.

32. Question 6: A New Book of Common Prayer for Scotland? It is 1637.Archbishop Laud visits you in your palace, bringing with him a New Prayer Book which includes a few Catholic-style touches. "Your Majesty," he says, "with this book we could strengthen our Church by making it more decorative and beautiful.”You are very interested, but become a bit concerned when Laud suggests that it should also be imposed in Scotland."Surely that would be dangerous, Laud?" you say."Why?" he asks."Because the Scots are even stronger Protestants than the English, and could react really badly. Maybe we should just limit it to England for now"."But your Highness!" replies Laud, "If we don't impose it on the Scots, then they would have a different religion to the rest of your Kingdom, which would never do!"You realize that what he says also makes sense. What do you do?

33. Question 6 Options: Option 1: Don't impose it at all. The Scots could react really badly and you don't want to risk it. Option 2: Impose it quickly and firmly. If you don't, then England and Scotland would have different religions, which would never do. Option 1: Don't impose it at all. The Scots could react really badly and you don't want to risk it. Option 2: Impose it quickly and firmly. If you don't, then England and Scotland would have different religions, which would never do. Option 1 Option 2

34. Option 1: This makes sense in a way, although you end up with England and Scotland having different religions. It will not be long before the Scots start pressing for independence on other issues too. The likelihood of Civil War rises by 5%. This makes sense in a way, although you end up with England and Scotland having different religions. It will not be long before the Scots start pressing for independence on other issues too. The likelihood of Civil War rises by 5%. What Really Happened?

35. Option 2: Firmness can also be stubbornness. The Scots are furious at being told to use what they see as a Catholic Prayer Book, and start to rebel against you. The likelihood of Civil War rises by 10%! What REALLY happened? Firmness can also be stubbornness. The Scots are furious at being told to use what they see as a Catholic Prayer Book, and start to rebel against you. The likelihood of Civil War rises by 10%! What REALLY happened? What Really Happened?

36. Question 6: What REALLY Happened? Charles decided to impose the Prayer Book swiftly and firmly in Scotland. This was a terrible mistake, as the Scots were very strong Protestants and thought that the book was a piece of Catholic evil. When priests tried to read it out, there were riots.

37. Question 7: The Grand Remonstrance and the 5 Members It is 1642.Parliament recently passed the Grand Remonstrance, which limited your powers still further. However, it only just got through Parliament - 159 people voted in favor, but 148 voted against it.Many MP's are clearly coming over to your side and think that Parliament is getting too big for its boots.Some of your advisors suggest that this is a good time to arrest the leading Five Members of Parliament who are against you so that you can get back in control. What do you say?

38. Options: Option 1: Burst into Parliament tomorrow and grab the 5 Members unawares!” Option 2: "Forget the idea. It will only cause more trouble that we can do without". Option 3: "Use a few spies to work out when the 5 Members will all be in Parliament, then go ahead and grab them there". Option 1: Burst into Parliament tomorrow and grab the 5 Members unawares!” Option 2: "Forget the idea. It will only cause more trouble that we can do without". Option 3: "Use a few spies to work out when the 5 Members will all be in Parliament, then go ahead and grab them there". Option 1 Option 2Option 3

39. Option 1: A terrible mistake. Although you succeed in arresting the 5 Members, all those MP's who had been supporting you are now convinced that you are evil. Parliament is re-united against you and your situation looks worse than ever. The likelihood of Civil War rises by 8%. A terrible mistake. Although you succeed in arresting the 5 Members, all those MP's who had been supporting you are now convinced that you are evil. Parliament is re-united against you and your situation looks worse than ever. The likelihood of Civil War rises by 8%. What Really Happened?

40. Option 2: A wise move. In this way you will encourage more MP's to come over to your side and not scare them off by acting too harshly, although a few others think that you are weak and unable to stand up to Parliament. The likelihood of Civil War rises by 3%. A wise move. In this way you will encourage more MP's to come over to your side and not scare them off by acting too harshly, although a few others think that you are weak and unable to stand up to Parliament. The likelihood of Civil War rises by 3%. What Really Happened?

41. Option 3: You send the spies, but some of them must have been double-agents, because the 5 Members get to hear of the plan to arrest them and vanish. When you burst into Parliament they are already gone and you look a complete fool. The likelihood of Civil War rises by 10%! You send the spies, but some of them must have been double-agents, because the 5 Members get to hear of the plan to arrest them and vanish. When you burst into Parliament they are already gone and you look a complete fool. The likelihood of Civil War rises by 10%! What Really Happened?

42. What Really Happened? Charles decided to use a few spies to work out when the 5 Members would all be in Parliament, but some of them must have been double-agents, because the 5 Members got to hear of the plan to arrest them and vanished. When Charles burst into Parliament they were not there and the speaker refused to tell the King where they were, saying "I have neither eyes to see nor ears to hear in this place".Charles had no option but to leave again, looking a complete idiot.

43. Question 8: The Irish Rebellion and the Nineteen Propositions The Irish are in open rebellion against you because they can see that you are having problems. Your weakness indicates that they have an opportunity to break free of English rule. You go to Parliament and tell them how important it is to send an army over there to deal with them. They agree, but you are shocked when they present you with a list of Nineteen Propositions which demand that control of the army should be in the hands of Parliament and that even the education of your children should be in their hands. What is your reply? What is your reply? The Irish are in open rebellion against you because they can see that you are having problems. Your weakness indicates that they have an opportunity to break free of English rule. You go to Parliament and tell them how important it is to send an army over there to deal with them. They agree, but you are shocked when they present you with a list of Nineteen Propositions which demand that control of the army should be in the hands of Parliament and that even the education of your children should be in their hands. What is your reply? What is your reply?

44. Options: Option 1: Give in to their demands. It is important the country gets back to normal, whatever the cost to me. Option 2: Refuse to accept. These demands are humiliating and would leave you completely powerless. Option 1: Give in to their demands. It is important the country gets back to normal, whatever the cost to me. Option 2: Refuse to accept. These demands are humiliating and would leave you completely powerless. Option 1 Option 2

45. Option 1 In the circumstances, this is probably the best you can do, although it is only making Parliament ever more arrogant. The likelihood of Civil War rises by 5%. In the circumstances, this is probably the best you can do, although it is only making Parliament ever more arrogant. The likelihood of Civil War rises by 5%. What Really Happened?

46. Option 2 By refusing to accept you prove that you have a great deal of principle, but it means that any chance of compromise is over. War is now inevitable. The likelihood of Civil War rises by 10%! By refusing to accept you prove that you have a great deal of principle, but it means that any chance of compromise is over. War is now inevitable. The likelihood of Civil War rises by 10%! What Really Happened?

47. What Really Happened? Charles completely refused to surrender control of the army, saying that to do so would make him "a mere phantom of a King". At this point both sides realized that there was no hope of agreement, and that a war was now inevitable. In August 1642 Charles raised his standard at Nottingham and appealed to all loyal subjects to join him in a war against Parliament. The Civil War had begun. Charles completely refused to surrender control of the army, saying that to do so would make him "a mere phantom of a King". At this point both sides realized that there was no hope of agreement, and that a war was now inevitable. In August 1642 Charles raised his standard at Nottingham and appealed to all loyal subjects to join him in a war against Parliament. The Civil War had begun.