1. English 11- Unit 9
Nature in Danger
Grammar:
Reduced Relative clauses

2. Content
Introduction
Examples
Exercises

3. Introduction
Definition
Types of Reduced Relative Clause

4. Definition
A Reduced Relative Clause: a Relative Clause formed with a participle and NO relative pronoun

5. Types of Reduced Relative Clauses
Relative Clauses Reduced by TO+ Base Form of Verb
Relative Clauses Reduced Participles

6. Relative Clauses Reduced by TO+ Inf.
After the first, second… the last, next, the only… and sometimes a superlative
Ex: He is the first man who comes and the last man who leaves.
He is the first man to come and the last man to leave.

7. Relative Clauses Reduced by TO+ Inf.
After a (pro) noun when there is an idea of purpose, obligation, permission of subject’s wishes
Ex: They need a garden where they can play in.
They need a garden to play in.

8. Relative Clauses Reduced Participles
We use a present participle in place of an active verb.
Ex: Do you know the woman who is talking to Tam?
Do you know the woman talking to Tam?

9. Relative Clauses Reduced Participles
We use a past participle in place of a passive verb.
Ex: The boy who was injured in the accident was take to the hospital.
 The boy injured in the accident was take to the hospital.

10. Examples
1. Climbers bring with them canisters that contain fuel to cook their meal.
 Climbers bring with them canisters containing fuel to cook their meal.
2. We are concerned about people who are being held in prison without a trial.
 We are concerned about people being held in prison without a trial.

11. Examples
3. Most of the food which are made in this factory are exported.
 Most of the food made in this factory are exported.
4. They saw many houses that were destroyed by the storm.
 They saw many houses destroyed by the storm.

12. Examples 5. Have you got a key that can unlock this door?
Have you got a key to unlock this door?
6. We have some picture books that children can read.
We have some picture books for children to read.

13. Exercises
1. Task 1
2. Task 2
3. Task 3

14. Task 1 Divide class into 6 groups Look at the task
The group giving the answer first will take 1 point.
At the end, which group has more point is the winner.

15. Task 1 Reduce relative clauses to phrases:
1. The man who is sitting there is a clown.
The man sitting there is a clown.
2. The city which was destroyed during the war has now been rebuilt.
The city destroyed during the war has now been rebuilt.

16. Task 1 3. The system which is used here is very successful.
The system used here is very successful.
4. All students who don’t hand in their papers will fail in the exam.
 All students not handing in their papers will fail in the exam.

17. Task 1 5. He was the second man who was killed in this way.
6. There is a bench over there that your children can sit on.
There is a bench over there for your children to sit on.

18. Task 2
Complete the sentences using the following verbs in the correct verb form

19. Task 2 read call invite sit offer ring ringing
I was woken up by a bell ………
Some of the people …….... to the party can’t come.
A few days after the interview, I received a letter ………. me a job.
Somebody……….Jack phoned while you were out.
The waiting room was empty except for a young man …….. by the window .……… a magazine.
invited
offering
called
sitting
reading

20. Task 3 Divide class into 4 groups
Make as many correct sentences as possible
Which group make the more correct one is the winner
The winner will win 1 big present from the teacher.

21. Task 3
Use the words in the brackets to make sentences using REDUCED RELATIVE clauses
1. The house was empty. (nobody/ live/ in/ it)
There was no body living in it.
2. The accident wasn’t serious. (no one/ injure)
There was no one injured.
3. The piece of paper was blank. (nothing/ write/ on it)
There was nothing written on it.
4. We were the only guests at this hotel. (no body else/ stay here)
There was nobody else staying here.

22. The end