1. Global Positioning Systems and the Traveler with a Visual Impairment: "Who?" "What?" "Where?" "Why?" and "How?" Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS December 13,2013

2. Berthold Lowenfeld Blindness imposes the following limitations:  In the range and variety of experiences  In the ability to get about  In the control of the environment and the self in relation to it. (1948) Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS2December 13, 2013

3. Ehresman’s Theory of Relativity “You are only as INDEPENDENT as your relatives ALLOW you to be.” Paul Ehresman Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS3December 13, 2013

4. The Law Educating Blind and Visually Impaired Students Federal Register: June 8, 2000. Assistance to States for the Education of Children With Disabilities and Preschool Grants for Children With Disabilities Federal Register: August 14, 2006. Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS 4 December 13, 2013

5. Preparation for GPS Preparation for GPS Positional concepts Compass orientation Landmarks/Clues Visual Maps Tactile maps – Wheatley – Tactile Town – Swell paper – Collage/Braillon Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS5December 13, 2013

6. First GPS satellite was launched in 1978 Built to last about 10 years Weigh approximately 2,000 pounds 17 feet across with solar panels December 13, 2013 6 Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS G LOBAL P OSITIONING S YSTEM 101

7. Satellites orbit 12,000 miles above Earth 24 satellites constantly moving Two complete orbits in less than 24 hours Travelling at speeds of roughly 7,000 miles an hour December 13, 2013 7 Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS G LOBAL P OSITIONING S YSTEM 101

8. Accuracy resolution +/- 50 feet Any weather conditions Anywhere in the world No subscription fees or setup charges to access GPS 24 hours a day December 13, 2013 8 Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS G LOBAL P OSITIONING S YSTEM 101

9. Signals travel by line of sight – Can go through clouds, glass, and plastic – Cannot go through most solid objects such as buildings and mountains December 13, 2013 9 Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS G LOBAL P OSITIONING S YSTEM 101

10. Three (3) satellites to calculate – a 2D position (latitude and longitude) – and track movement Four (4) or more satellites to calculate – a 3D position (latitude, longitude, and altitude) and track movement December 13, 2013 10 Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS T RIANGULATION

11. Device Considerations “The difficulty or simplicity of learning how to use a system must work for the student first and the teacher second.” Mike May It’s not about you… It’s not about you… It’s not about you… December 13, 2013Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS11

12. Student Considerations Interest Perceived utility Maturity > Age Cognitive ability Dexterity Route concept Stamina Techiness is useful, but not essential. December 13, 2013Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS12

13. Devices Sendero Apex/BrailleNote Trekker Maestro and Trekker Trekker Breeze Garmin Oregon 450 December 13, 2013Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS13

14. Sendero/BrailleNote December 13, 201314Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS

15. Sendero/BrailleNote-Apex December 13, 2013Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS15 Calculates the distance and direction to a target Hundreds of Points of Interest-TeleAtlas Creates routes for either walking or riding in a vehicle Provides speed, direction, and altitude. Humanware/Sendero $1800 GPS BrailleNote (Apex & MPower)

16. December 13, 2013Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS16 Trekker Breeze

17. December 13, 2013Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS17 Single-hand operation with large, distinctive buttons Direct buttons to functions and intuitive interface Quick volume adjustment with volume wheel Built-in highly sensitive GPS Built-in speaker Secondary external speaker Built-in human sounding text-to-speech Six hours of battery life Integrated help Size: 5x2x1 inches Weight: 7 ounces

18. Garmin Oregon 450 December 13, 2013 18 Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS

19. Garmin Oregon 450 December 13, 2013Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS19 Sunlight readable Color 3 inch diagonal touch screen Settings customization WAAS-enabled GPS receiver Barometric altimeter 3-axis electronic compass MicroSD™ card slot Waterproof

20. Data > Opinion Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS20December 13, 2013

21. Four Stages of Learning Unconsciously Incompetent Consciously Incompetent Consciously Competent Unconsciously Competent Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS21December 13, 2013

22. Begin at the Beginning… Start with the component parts – Assemble/Disassemble Orient to the device Follow with the key describer mode Talk About GPS limits/parameters Movement versus static position December 13, 2013Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS22

23. Begin at the Beginning… Start with the familiar Then walk, listen, and reference – Learn the language – Repeat the message – What is the information… – Where is it provided… December 13, 2013Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS23

24. I Say Tomato… What it is… Minnesota Olathe Lenexa Belleview Panera Chipotle Rosehill Belinder Pflumm What it sounds like… Minneysotaa Ahlith Leneexaah Believeyou Pannerra Chipitil Rossahill Beelinedeer P F L U M M December 13, 2013Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS24

25. Mapping StreetOpen Area December 13, 201325Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS

26. Landmarks/Waypoints Street and Open Area Mapping – Know where you are – Multiple landmarks can be set at the same time/same spot. – Always set a landmark at the beginning of a route. Always set a landmark at the beginning of a route. Always… Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS26December 13, 2013

27. Landmarks/Waypoints Pair with physical reference points Label noun first, then adjective – “Smith High School, East Door…” Address entry results December 13, 2013Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS27

28. Landmarks/Waypoints Nurture environmental literacy. Fill in the gaps to develop the gestalt of the area. Set before and after hazards, headaches, and irritations. Practice renaming, deleting, and unsetting as a destination. December 13, 2013Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS28

29. Point of Interest = POI Point of Interest Preset on Maps – TeleAtlas – NAVTEQ Use POI rich environments to begin instruction Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS29December 13, 2013

30. The Virtual Open Doorway Incidental information results in incidental learning and control Nurture environmental literacy Part to whole scheme Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS

31. Point of Interest = POI Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS31 Where is the “spot?” December 13, 2013

32. Routing Modes Pedestrian – Distance parameters Motorized – Time parameters December 13, 2013Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS32

33. Routing Reliability Self-created routes Landmarks and Waypoints POIs Address Entry December 13, 2013Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS33

34. Sources of GPS Error Signal slows as it passes through the atmosphere Number of satellites visible, terrain, electronic interference, or sometimes even dense foliage can block signal reception Signal multipath occurs when the GPS signal is reflected off objects such as tall buildings or large rock surfaces before it reaches the receiver, i. e. “the Canyon Effect.” December 13, 2013Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS34

35. Problem Solving Always warm up the device. Reset… Routing Hiccups – No GPS coverage – Turn back – Off route – Silence December 13, 2013Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS35

36. Teaching Considerations GPS usage demands solid fundamental O & M skills for the final +/- 50 feet. Everything is relative. Context clues/concepts must be practiced. – Organizational parameters – Time and distance – Solicitation of aid – Don’t tell…question. Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS36December 13, 2013

37. A GPS device is a where and when tool... December 13, 2013Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS37 Teaching Considerations

38. December 13, 2013Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS38 Teaching Considerations Much better…

39. Teaching Considerations Preview routes for “blackholes.” Take a cheat sheet on lessons and use it. Use multiple SD cards. Practice with the settings menu Earplugs and headphones are not recommended when traveling. Assume nothing and be open to learning. Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS39December 13, 2013

40. 40Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS Showing is better than telling… it’s about doing. Teaching Considerations

41. Have your student show you and others, especially relatives. Inservice parents, teachers, and classmates. Encourage borrowing. Get lost on lessons. Motorized guidance Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS41December 13, 2013

42. Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS42 Teaching Considerations

43. Dual lesson with Trekker Breeze and Garmin Oregon 450 December 13, 2013Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS43 Teaching Considerations

44. Cooperative Learning December 13, 2013Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS44

45. Curricular Integration Conceptual Development Literacy Physical Education Geography Mathematics Social Competency Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS45December 13, 2013

46. The Continuum “Outer space.” Age 5 “Mommy, we need to turn here” Age 7 “Directing a cab driver to my destination gave me control.” Adult Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS46December 13, 2013

47. Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS47 My weekly lunch, community awareness, social interaction, environmental access, GPS lesson… Audrey

48. Josh’s Excellent Adventure December 13, 2013Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS48

49. December 13, 2013Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS49 Josh’s Excellent Adventure

50. December 13, 2013Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS50 The carrot… Josh’s Excellent Adventure

51. December 13, 2013Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS51 Josh’s Excellent Adventure

52. December 13, 2013Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS52 Josh’s Excellent Adventure

53. December 13, 2013Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS53 Josh’s Excellent Adventure

54. Matt’s Pre-trip Errand December 13, 2013Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS54

55. December 13, 2013Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS55 Matt’s Pre-trip Errand

56. December 13, 2013Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS56 Matt’s Pre-trip Errand

57. December 13, 2013Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS57 Matt’s Pre-trip Errand

58. FYI… FYI… “I feel like I'm "cheating" somehow, when I don't have to keep track of what street is what, where it's located, what direction I'm heading, etc... it frees my mind up to concentrate on other aspects of orientation...and then, listening to the GPS as I'm riding in a car, realizing the breadth of this world that is outside my car window I have heretofore never gotten to interact with…amazing, simply amazing.” KM age 39 Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS58December 13, 2013

59. Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS Kansas State School for the Blind 1100 State Avenue Kansas City, KS 66102 Office: 913.281.3308 X335 Cell: 913.645.8262 cphillips@kssdb.org cleep1700@att.net Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS59December 13, 2013

60. Sources Phillips, C. L. (2011). Getting From Here to There and Knowing Where: Teaching GPS to Children who are Visually Impaired. Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, 105, 675-680. www.garmin.com www.humanware.com www.sendero.com Leader Dogs for the Blind Trekker GPS Training Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS60December 13, 2013