1. The Indians’ New World

2. Native Americans in 1492 (North of Mexico) in 1900 In 2000
1 million? 7 million? 12 million?
in 1900
250,000 in US (out of 76 million = 0.3%)
In 2000
4.1 million (out of 281 million = 1.5%)
2.5 million reporting only American Indian or Alaska native
1.6 million reporting American Indian or Alaska native + other race(s)

3. The ‘Columbian Exchange’

4. Last week: ‘Indians’ and ‘Native Americans’
Diversity of native cultures
Pre-contact life in Southwest and Eastern Woodlands

6. Taíno
Source: Yale University Libraries

7. Hispaniola
Source: Yale University Libraries

8. Guale Timucua Apalachee Calusa Juan Ponce de Léon Hernando de Soto
Coosa
Juan Ponce de Léon
Hernando de Soto
Rene de Goulaine de
Laudonnière
Franciscan missionaries
Cofitachequi
Guale
Mabila
(St. Augustine)
Timucua
Apalachee
Calusa
Source: University of West Florida

9. Consequences of Spanish invasions
Depopulation due to disease and war
Up to 75% of native population died
Consolidation into new confederacies
Creeks, Chocktaw, Chickasaw, Cherokee, Catawba

11. From the 1500s, European fishermen interacted with Beothuks, Montagnais, Micmacs
Jacques Cartier 1534
Source: U. Oregon Mapping History Project

12. The fur trade
Deer, caribou, beaver

13. Iroquois
Manhattan -> New Amsterdam -> New York
Samuel de Champlain->Québec (1608). Henry Hudson. Mohawk and Mahicans. « Mourning Wars »

14. 1585, 1587: Roanoke Island
1607: Jamestown, Virginia
& : wars between
the English and the Powhatans

15. 1616: major epidemic destroyed 90% of native population along
the coast
1620: Puritans arrived in
Plymouth, Massachusetts
1630: more Puritans arrived
1633: another epidemic
Plymouth

16. Colonial Expansion

17. Pequot massacre (1637)

18. John Eliot and the ‘praying towns’

19. Metacom’s War ( )

20. Source: Mapping History Project, U. Oregon.

21. Source: Mapping History Project, U. Oregon.

22. Main transformations
Disease -> population decline -> consolidation and formation of new groups
Trade -> geographic relocation, new alliances, new tools, crops, and animals
Colonization -> resistance and accommodation

23. Source: Norton Anthology of American Literature, 8th ed.