1. Super Models Unit *Scientists*
The Scientists that contributed to the developments of models to explain the history of the universe.

2. Aristotle 384BC-322BC Greek Philosopher
One of the 1st to propose ideas
on the universe and astronomy
Thought Earth was round because of
the shadow from the moon

3. Ptolemy (Greek)
Model of earth at center of universe (Earth-Centered Model)
Said the planets and sun orbited the earth
Used math to explain his model
His model could accurately predict position of the known planets (A good model can be used to make accurate predictions!)

4. Copernicus (Polish) 1473-1543 Model with sun at center of solar system
This model did a better job explaining observations. (Models should be able to help explain how things work; models are changed to include new information.)
This contradicted the beliefs of the church
Died with his work still dismissed.

5. Tycho Brahe
Danish
Believed the moon and the sun orbited the Earth BUT ALL other planets orbited the sun

6. Kepler 1571-1630 (Models change as new info is available.)
German Mathematician
Built on Copernicus’ Sun-Centered Model.
Used math to show that orbits were elliptical, not circular.
(Models change as new info is available.)

7. Galileo
Galileo Galilei, was an Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher
Was certain earth was moving but couldn’t figure out why everything stayed fixed to its surface.
In 1609 – One of the first Scientist to use telescope
Took “toy” from Holland, remodeled it and used it to look at skies; this was the telescope. (Technology influences models—allows us to gather more accurate information.)

8. Galileo (Italian)
If moons were orbiting Jupiter, they could not be orbiting earth
This shattered church’s model of earth at center of universe!
(Change model as new info becomes available.)
First observations made in 1609 of Earth’s moon with his telescope. (sketches)

9. Galileo (Italian) Threatened with death Retracted claims
Published findings
Threatened with death
Retracted claims
Sentenced to confinement in his own house (for years) with no guests; continued his studies.

10. Newton 1642-1727 Technology influences mental and physical models.
Self Taught mathematician
Improved telescope
This greatly advanced astronomy
Technology influences mental and physical models.

11. Newton (English) Universal Gravitation
Every piece of matter in the universe pulls every other piece of matter towards it, and vice versa.
 Laws of gravity that apply on earth also apply to rest of the universe.
 Gravity depends on mass and distance.

12. Newton (English)
Newton’s crowning achievement
United all work that had preceded him about models of the solar system/universe
Described path of moon around earth, then looked beyond ; “Gravity” was the explanation

13. Edwin Hubble 1889-1953 American
1924-1st to prove that galaxies exist beyond the Milky way
The universe is more than just us

14. Geocentric Model Earth-Centered Model
Moon, sun, and planets orbited the Earth
Geo - Earth

15. Heliocentric Model
Earth and other planets orbit the sun
Helio = sun

16. Highlight the following scientists
Ptolemy Galileo
Copernicus Newton
Kepler Hubble