1. MODALI

2. ABILITY CAN CAN’T BE ABLE TO ABILITY IN THE PAST BE ABLE TO /COULD
Could general ability
(the ability to do something at any time )
I could speak Spanish
To be able to
a particular action
I was able to understand all questions in Spanish
Could/couldn’t before imagine remember understand see etc

3. PERMISSION ASKING PERMISSION CAN COULD MAY Prohibition
Visitors may not use this entrance
To be allowed (asking permission in all tenses)
Asking for permission Asking about permission
May I take a photo of you are we allowed to take photos

4. Certainty/Possibility
She must be rich(we are certain)
She can’t be poor(negative certainty)
MAY/MIGHT
Something is possible /likely
Use: present/future
It might be a bomb (Perhaps it is a bomb)
May Might could in the negative
MAY NOT / MIGHT NOT
Something negative is possible
Daniel may not get the job
He might not come(unlikely)
COULD
COULD (SMALL POSSIBILITY)
COULDN’T
Something is impossible
I’m completely unfit
I couldn’t run a maratHON

5. MUST
Something is certainly true
She isn’t answering the phone
he must be out
CAN’T
something is impossible
Nick can’t be touring Scotland
I saw him here this morning

6. NECESSITY
MUST HAVE TO (have got to informal)
It is necessary the situation makes something necessary
MUSTN’T Something is a bad idea
NEEDN’T Something is not necessary
Don’t have to
Don’t need to (English both forms/American Eng. Don’t need to)
SHOULD OUGHT TO HAD BETTER BE SUPPOSED TO
SHOULD OUGHT
ADVICE
HAD BETTER (THE BEST THING TO DO)
BE SUPPOSED TO (NORMAL OR CORRECT WAY OF DOING THINGS)