2. DISCOURSE ANALYSIS L LS Liliek Soepriatmadji©2008 1. Introduction & DA OverviewIntroduction & DA Overview 2. Definition of DiscourseDefinition of Discourse 3. Approaches to DAApproaches to DA 4. Speech Acts TheorySpeech Acts Theory Interactional Sociolinguistics 5. Language as Social InteractionLanguage as Social Interaction 6. AppraisalsAppraisals 7. Politeness StrategiesPoliteness Strategies 8. Communication StrategiesCommunication Strategies 9. Mid ExamMid Exam 10. Principles of ConversationPrinciples of Conversation Conversation 11. Conversation StructureConversation Structure 12. Turn-Taking OrganizationTurn-Taking Organization 13. Adjacency PairsAdjacency Pairs 14. Discourse Structure (Rhetoric & Genres)Discourse Structure (Rhetoric & Genres) 15. Final ExamFinal Exam

3. 3. Approaches to DA speech acts theory interactional sociolinguistics ethnography of communication pragmatics conversation analysis variation analysis 1.intro1.intro, 2.DefD, 3.ApproD, 4.SpAcT, 5.LSocInter, 6.Appra, 7.PolS, 8.ComS, 9.Midex2.DefD3.ApproD4.SpAcT5.LSocInter6.Appra7.PolS8.ComS9.Midex 10.PrincC10.PrincC, 11.ConStr, 12.TTOrg, 13.AdjP, 14.DStr, 15.Finex11.ConStr12.TTOrg13.AdjP14.DStr15.Finex

4. a. speech acts theory Focuses on knowledge of underlying conditions for production and interpretation of acts through words – Literal meaning of word and context interact in our knowledge of condition underlying the realization of acts and interpretation of acts Basic insight: – Language is used to describe the world and to perform actions I promise to be there tomorrow (utterance & perform the act of promising) The grass is green (utterance & perform the act of asserting) Can you pass the salt? (utterance & perform the act of questioning: physical ability and requesting: dinner table talk)

5. b. interactional sociolinguistics Involves: culture, society and language Focuses on how interpretation and interaction are based upon the interrelationship of social and linguistics meanings – Could I talk to you for a minute? I’m gonna apply for a fellowship and I was wondering if I could get a recommendation? – OK. Come along to the office and tell me what you want to do. – Ahma git me a gig! (I’m going to get myself some support) Context (setting, roles, distance) Linguistic details (degree of formality, prosodic, varieties)

6. c. ethnography of communication Based on anthropology (concerns holistic explanation of meaning and behavior) Focus on communicative competence: – Tacit social – Psychological – Cultural – Linguistic

7. d. pragmatics Concerns with analyzing speaker meaning at the level of utterances – Theory of cooperation

8. e. conversation analysis Based on philosophy in the perspective of phenomenology (ethnomethodology: method employed by a society to produce a sense of social order) – Grice principle of conversation (Maxims): exchange, phone call – Adjacency pairs – Structure/sequences

9. f. variation analysis Stems from the studies of linguistic variation and change – Heterogeneity (linguistic variation)

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