1. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 1 Expanding the West (1790–1850) Section 1: The Spanish West and Southwest Section 2: Texas Gains Independence Section 3: The Lone Star Republic Section 4: Oregon and the Far West Section 5: California and the Southwest Chapter 16

2. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 2 OBJECTIVES  How was society structured in Spanish California, New Mexico and Texas?  What events led to the establishment of the republic of Mexico?  How did the Mexican war for independence affect California and Texas? Section 1: The Spanish West and Southwest

3. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 3 Society in Spanish California, New Mexico, and Texas Society in Spanish California, New Mexico, and Texas was structured around small villages and missions and were heavily influenced by the American Indians. Section 1: The Spanish West and Southwest

4. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 4 Events Leading to the Republic of Mexico Mexico revolted against Spanish rule. Mexico revolted against Spanish rule. Mexico defeated Spanish troops in 1821. Mexico defeated Spanish troops in 1821. Constitution of 1824 made Mexico a republic. Constitution of 1824 made Mexico a republic. Section 1: The Spanish West and Southwest

5. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 5 Mexican War Changed California and Texas Missions ended and ranches were created. Missions ended and ranches were created. Texas merged with Coahuila to form state of Coahuila y Texas. Texas merged with Coahuila to form state of Coahuila y Texas. Section 1: The Spanish West and Southwest

6. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 6 OBJECTIVES  Why did many U.S. settlers in Texas rebel against the Mexican government?  What were the most important events of the Texas Revolution?  What was the result of the Texas Revolution? Section 2: Texas Gains Independence

7. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 7 Causes for Texas Rebellion against Mexico unjust laws and representation in Mexican government unjust laws and representation in Mexican government increased tariffs on U.S. goods increased tariffs on U.S. goods suspension of the republican constitution in 1834 suspension of the republican constitution in 1834 Section 2: Texas Gains Independence

8. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 8 Important Events of the Texas Revolution Battle of Gonzales Battle of Gonzales Government formed to defeat Santa Anna and restore the republican constitution Government formed to defeat Santa Anna and restore the republican constitution Fall of the Alamo Fall of the Alamo Battle of Goliad and San Jacinto Battle of Goliad and San Jacinto Section 2: Texas Gains Independence

9. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 9 Result of the Texas Revolution The result of the Texas Revolution was independence for Texas. Section 2: Texas Gains Independence

10. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 10 OBJECTIVES  What difficulties did American Indians and Tejanos face in the Republic of Texas?  What drew new immigrants to Texas?  What economic and foreign challenges faced the Texas government? Section 3: The Lone Star Republic

11. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 11 Difficulties of American Indians and Tejanos in the Republic of Texas The Indians and Tejanos received unfair treatment and were forced off the land and had to obey all Texas laws. Section 3: The Lone Star Republic

12. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 12 New immigrants came because of: land grants land grants economic opportunities economic opportunities legality of slavery legality of slavery Section 3: The Lone Star Republic

13. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 13 Struggles of the Republic economic economic social social foreign foreign Section 3: The Lone Star Republic

14. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 14 OBJECTIVES  Why did Americans first travel to the Rocky Mountains and farther west?  Why did Americans decide to settle in Oregon Country?  What was life like on the Oregon Trail? Section 4: Oregon and the Far West

15. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 15 Rocky Mountains Americans traveled to the Rocky Mountains and farther west for the fur trade, for missionary motives, and to seek a better life. Section 4: Oregon and the Far West

16. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 16 Oregon Country The fur trade also drew settlers to the Oregon Country. The fur trade also drew settlers to the Oregon Country. Settlers also wanted to use the Columbia River and its surrounding land. Settlers also wanted to use the Columbia River and its surrounding land. Section 4: Oregon and the Far West

17. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 17 Life on the Oregon Trail trip was long, dangerous, and costly trip was long, dangerous, and costly shortage of food, supplies, and water shortage of food, supplies, and water Section 4: Oregon and the Far West

18. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 18 OBJECTIVES  Why did American start traveling to California in the early 1800’s?  Why did American merchants establish a new route to New Mexico?  What types of images did frontier artists paint? Section 5: California and the Southwest

19. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 19 Americans Traveled to California Americans traveled to California in the early 1800’s to use as a meeting ground for merchants and traders and to establish permanent settlements. Section 5: California and the Southwest

20. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 20 Santa Fe Trail The Santa Fe Trail was established as a trade route for settlers to the Southwest. Section 5: California and the Southwest

21. C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to 1877 21 Images of Frontier Artists American Indians American Indians American west and its environment American west and its environment portraits of mountain men portraits of mountain men Section 5: California and the Southwest mountain men – men who trapped animals for fur in the Rocky Mountains and other western regions of the United States