1. { Periodontology Dr. Suzan A. Banjar, BDS, MS Dr. Suzan A. Banjar, BDS, MS Medical Director, BMC Chairperson La Perle Dental Spa Consultant Periodontist, Dental Implantology & Restorative dentist

2. PerioDontOlogy

4. Periodontium: the tissues investing and supporting the teeth, includ: Gingiva Periodontal ligament, Cementum, & Alveolar bone

5. Gingiva  Masticatory mucosa: Gingiva and hard palate  Specialized mucosa: the dorsum of the tongue  Remaining mucosa

6. AM MG IPAG MGJ

8. Marginal gingiva  It is the most coronal portion of the gingiva.  It extends from the base of the sulcus to the crest of the margin.  The position of the gingival margin in health is 1-3 mm coronal to the (CEJ).

9. Marginal gingiva  It is keratinizied and unattached.  It forms the soft tissue wall of the gingival sulcus.

10. Gingival sulcus   Is the shallow crevice or space around the tooth bounded by the surface of the tooth on one side and the epithelium lining the free margin of the gingiva on the other side.

11. Gingival sulcus   It is V shaped, and it permits the entrance of a periodontal probe   The clinical determination of the depth of the gingival sulcus is an important diagnostic parameter.

12. Gingival sulcus   The histologic depth of a sulcus does not need to be exactly equal to the depth of penetration of the probe. The so-called probing depth of a clinically normal gingival sulcus in humans is less than 3 mm

13. Attached Gingiva  It is the portion of gingiva that is apical to the free gingiva and extends to the loose, movable alveolar mucosa and is demarcated by the MGJ.

14. Attached Gingiva  It is firmly bound and attached to the underlying CT and alveolar process. It is keratinized.  In 40% of individuals the surface of attached gingiva is stippled like an orange peel. (Stippling)

15.  Corono-apically its width varies from 1-9 mm.  Buccal: widest at incisors, less at canines and molars, least in the premolar area.  Lingual: widest at molars and least at incisors. Attached Gingiva

16.  On the lingual aspect of the mandible, the AG terminates at the junction of the lingual alveolar mucosa. The palatal surface of AG in the maxilla blends un-demarcated with the equally firm and resilient palatal mucosa. Attached Gingiva

17.  It is the gingiva that occupies the interdental spaces coronal to the alveolar crest.  It is the site of most bacterial stagnation hence it is the initial lesion in gingivitis. Interdental Papilla

18.  It is pyramidal in incisors, while in posterior teeth it is tent shape and is composed of an oral and a lingual papilla joined by an interdental “col”. Interdental Papilla

19.  Col is not a powerful barrier against bacteria because it is covered by non-keratinized epithelium,while the rest is keratinized. Interdental Papilla

20.  If a diastema is present, the gingiva is firmly bound over the interdental bone and forms a smooth, rounded surface without interdental papillae. Interdental Papilla

26. Position paper: Treatment of plaque-induced gingivitis, chronic periodontitis and other clinical conditions. Journal of Periodontology, December 2001

31.  Glickman's Clinical Periodontology  Clinical periodontology and implantology, Jan Lindhe  Color atlas of dental medicin; periodontology, Klaus H. Rateitschak & Herbert F. Wolf Reading material

32. Thank you S. Banjar