1. Lead: Criteria Pollutant By Diana Antonio

2. Need Source: EPA.gov

3. Knowledge Base Lead (Pb) Major source =motor vehicles Criteria Pollutant Lead poisoning Affects the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood

4. Knowledge Base Earthworms: model organism Earthworms: model organism http://www.worldbook.com/wb/worldbook/cybercamp/assets/images/worm.jpg

5. Literature Review EFFECTS OF CADMIUM, COPPER, LEAD AND ZINC ON GROWTH, REPRODUCTION AND SURVIVAL OF THE EARTHWORM Eisenia fetida (SAVIGNY): ASSESSING THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF POINT-SOURCE METAL CONTAMINATION IN TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS D. J. Spurgeon, S. P. Hopkin & D. T. Jones Fig. 1. Survival of earthworms in artificial soil contaminated with a geometric series of concentrations of lead. Each point represents the mean of four replicates, each comprising 10 worms at the start of the experiment (i.e. 40 worms per treatment). Fig 2: Growth data for weight change when earthworms were exposed to different concentrations of lead throughout 8 weeks.

6. Literature Review Populations of Earthworms in Forests of the Middle Urals in Conditions of Pollution by Discharge from Copper Works E. L. Vorobeichik

7. Literature Review EARTHWORM (EISENIA FETIDA) BIOASSAY TO ASSESS THE POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF PLATINUM TAILINGS DISPOSAL FACILITIES ON THE ENVIRONMENT ALONG A GRADIENT – L. VAN RENSBURG – P.J. JANSEN VAN RENSBURG

8. Literature Review Earthworm biomass as additional information for risk assessment of heavy metal biomagnifications: a case study for dredged sediment-derived soils and polluted floodplain soils Bart Vandecasteele, Jurgen Samyn

9. Do-Ability Earthworms are attainable from bait stores Earthworms are attainable from bait stores Lead can be in powder form, can be bought Lead can be in powder form, can be bought Soil terrarium for earthworms can be created Soil terrarium for earthworms can be created Hemoglobin can be analyzed Hemoglobin can be analyzed http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://w ww.newton.k12.ma.us http://www.pennhealth.com/health_info/image s/19443.jpg Picture taken by authors, 09

10. Bibliography Achuba, Fidelis I. "African land snail Achatina marginatus,." North-Western Journal of Zoology 4 (2008): 1-5. Davies, N. A. "EFFECT OF MINERALOGICAL FORM ON LEAD TOXICITY TO EARTHWORMS." Eleventh Annual V. M. Goldschmidt Conference (2001): 14-22. Gaufin, Arden. "THE EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ON A MIDWESTERN STREAM." The Ohio Journal of Science 58 (1958): 197-208. Ghyasvand, S. "Effect of Pre-thermocomposting on Decrease of." American-Eurasian J. Agric 4 (2008): 537-40. Gilliam, Frank S. "Response of the herbaceous layer of forest ecosystems to." Journal Of Ecology 94 (2006): 1176-191. Greenwood, Kimberly S. "Aspects of Ecology and conservation of sympatric, prosobranch snails in a larger river." Kansas Biological Survey and Department of Ecology (2001). Henson, E. B. "AQUATIC INSECTS AS INHALANT ALLERGENS: A." The Ohio Journal of Science 66 (1966): 529-32. Krzyzanowski, Michal. "Particulate matter air pollution: how it harms health." World Health Organization (2005): 01-04. Maobeta, M. S. "EARTHWORM (EISENIA FETIDA) BIOASSAY TO ASSESS THE." School for Environmental Sciences and Development (2008): 13-19. McLeod, James A. "Earthworms." The World Book Encyclopedia. 1998th ed. 1997. 35-36. Spurgeon, D. J. "EFFECTS OF CADMIUM, COPPER, LEAD AND ZINC ON." Environmental Pollution 84 (1994): 123-30. Vandecasteele, Bart. "Earthworm biomass as additional information for risk." Institute for Forestry and Game Management 3: 363-75. Vorobeichik, E. L. "Populations of Earthworms (Lumbricidae)." Russian Journal of Ecology 29 (1998): 85-91. Walker, James C. "Air Pollution." The World Book Encyclopedia. 1998th ed. 1997. 197-99. Wanda, Paul. "A Method for Determining Hemoglobin." The Journal of Histochemistry (1981): 1442-444.