1. Dr. Ursula Renold, ETHZ – KOF Swiss Economic Institute, Zurich Changing Attitudes – How can we ensure apprenticeships and practical qualifications are respected? The Sutton Trust-Pearson Higher Ambitions Summit 2014 London 8/9 July, 2014

2. 2 Bereday, George Z. F. “Sir Michael Sadler’s ‘Study of Foreign Systems of Education’.” (Original was published in 1900) Comparative Education Review 7, no. 3 (February 1, 1964): 307–314., p. 310 «A national system of education is a living thing, the outcome of forgotten struggles and difficulties, and ’of battles long ago’. It has in it some of the secret workings of national live. It reflects, while it seeks to remedy, the failings of the national character». ETHZ/KOF Dr. Ursula Renold

3. 3 «Vocational Education and Training is a good thing, but for other people’s children». (American mantra) ETHZ/KOF Prof. Dr. Ursula Renold The facts & figures show that this is hard to believe from a Swiss point of you! Why? Testimonial from the United States:

4. The Swiss example 4 challenges 20 years ago Long-term strategy and inter-generation project Systematic and systemic approach Commitment among involved stakeholders research strategy: what works in the ecosystem?

5. Apprenticeship contracts 1981-1995 5 Source: Confederation. “Berufsbildungsbericht Schweiz,” 1996, p. 607 Measure: Introduction of apprenticeship Barometer (1997) Outcomes ETHZ/KOF Dr. Ursula Renold Apprenticeship «crisis»

6. Longterm strategy and inter-generation projects: Measures after «apprenticeship crises» mid-90s 6 Monitoring of apprenticeship market  barometer Professional baccalaureate  permeability (no dead end education) Universities of Applied Sciences and Arts (UAS) Reform of the commercial employee occupation (biggest reform in Swiss VET system) Reform of VPET legislation, new constitutional article Integration of 5 field of occupation: health sector, social work, arts, forestry, agriculture Long-term research strategy (e.g. cost-benefit analysis) ETHZ/KOF Dr. Ursula Renold

7. Offer and demand on the Swiss apprenticeship market 7 (offer) (apprenticeship contracts) ETHZ/KOF Dr. Ursula Renold

8. Companies VET Apprenticeships & PET Traineeships Companies VET Apprenticeships & PET Traineeships One mission: Three partners Commitment among involved stakeholders VET Schools + PET Colleges VET Schools + PET Colleges Confederation Strategic management and development Confederation Strategic management and development 26 Cantons Implementation & supervision VET qualification procedures 26 Cantons Implementation & supervision VET qualification procedures Professional organisations Training content PET qualification procedures Professional organisations Training content PET qualification procedures ETHZ/KOF Dr. Ursula Renold

9. Degree-Mix of Swiss SME companies VET diploma as highest degree very important! 9 Sharedegree / diplomaSampleaverage Share Lower* Compulsory school or apprenticeship 1314332.8 Share Trained* Federal VET diploma 1314347.3 Share Advanced* Federal PET diploma or University of Applied Sciences and Arts degree 1314314.3 Share Acad*University degree1314305.6 Own calculations; KOF-Innovationspanel 1999-2011 ETHZ/KOF Dr. Ursula Renold

10. 10 Art. 61a Swiss Education Area 1 The Confederation and the Cantons shall, within the scope of their powers, jointly ensure the high quality and accessibility of the Swiss Education Area. 2 They shall coordinate their efforts and ensure their cooperation through joint administrative bodies and other measures. 3 They shall ensure in the fulfillment of their duties that general and vocational courses of study achieve equal recognition in society. A new constitutional article for the Swiss Education Area! (2006)

11. The unsolved problem in Switzerland: Status of VET! (Results from a public poll 8.2012; N=2‘800) 11

12. 12 Changing attitudes needs … … a lot of time … new actions towards a vision, strategy or long-term goal … a long-term commitment of funding agency, VIPs, people from different generations … role models and leadership … a world-wide network and/or movement … a tension between activists and society, which is mediated by media … and much more…

13. Trailblazers – cohort I Long-term strategy and inter-generation project 13 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Trailblazers – cohort II Evaluation/Research Up-scaling and countrywide introduction New legislation ? commitment of all partners Public campaign