1. Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Shadow of War, 1933–1941
Chapter 34
Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Shadow of War, 1933–1941

2. Question
All of the following are true of the London Economic Conference EXCEPT
it revealed how thoroughly Roosevelt’s strategy for domestic economic recovery was subordinated to his early foreign policy.
delegates to the London Conference hoped to organize a coordinated international attack on the global depression.
delegates were particularly eager to stabilize the values of the various nations’ currencies and the rates at which they could be exchanged.
Roosevelt was unwilling to sacrifice the possibility of domestic recovery for the sake of international cooperation.

3. Answer
All of the following are true of the London Economic Conference EXCEPT
it revealed how thoroughly Roosevelt’s strategy for domestic economic recovery was subordinated to his early foreign policy. (correct)
delegates to the London Conference hoped to organize a coordinated international attack on the global depression.
delegates were particularly eager to stabilize the values of the various nations’ currencies and the rates at which they could be exchanged.
Roosevelt was unwilling to sacrifice the possibility of domestic recovery for the sake of international cooperation.
Hint: See page 853.

4. Question
All of the following were true of the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act EXCEPT it
was designed in part to lift American export trade from the depression doldrums.
was aimed at neither relief nor recovery, focusing primarily on long-run reform.
activated the low-tariff policies of the New Dealers.
avoided the dangerous uncertainties of a wholesale tariff revision.

5. Answer
All of the following were true of the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act EXCEPT it
was designed in part to lift American export trade from the depression doldrums.
was aimed at neither relief nor recovery, focusing primarily on long-run reform. (correct)
activated the low-tariff policies of the New Dealers.
avoided the dangerous uncertainties of a wholesale tariff revision.
Hint: See page 855.

6. Question The Rome-Berlin Axis involved an alliance between
Nazis and Communists.
Fascists and Communists.
Nazis and Fascists.
Nazis, Fascists, and Communists.

7. Answer The Rome-Berlin Axis involved an alliance between
Nazis and Communists.
Fascists and Communists.
Nazis and Fascists. (correct)
Nazis, Fascists, and Communists.
Hint: See page 856.

8. Question
All of the following were true of the Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937 EXCEPT
they stipulated that when the president proclaimed the existence of a foreign war, certain restrictions would automatically go into effect.
no American could legally sail on a belligerent ship, sell or transport munitions to a belligerent, or make loans to a belligerent.
they marked a strong endorsement of the traditional policy of freedom of the seas.
they were specifically tailored to keep the nation out of a conflict like World War I.

9. Answer
All of the following were true of the Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937 EXCEPT
they stipulated that when the president proclaimed the existence of a foreign war, certain restrictions would automatically go into effect.
no American could legally sail on a belligerent ship, sell or transport munitions to a belligerent, or make loans to a belligerent.
they marked a strong endorsement of the traditional policy of freedom of the seas. (correct)
they were specifically tailored to keep the nation out of a conflict like World War I.
Hint: See page 858.

10. Question
The Quarantine Speech of 1937 was given in ___________, the unofficial isolationist capital of America.
Albany
Boston
Chicago
Detroit

11. Answer
The Quarantine Speech of 1937 was given in ___________, the unofficial isolationist capital of America.
Albany
Boston
Chicago (correct)
Detroit
Hint: See page 859.

12. Question
The European city at which the doctrine of “Appeasement” was infamously practiced was
Paris.
Prague.
Vienna.
Munich.

13. Answer
The European city at which the doctrine of “Appeasement” was infamously practiced was
Paris.
Prague.
Vienna.
Munich. (correct)
Hint: See page 860.

14. Question
All of the following were true of the Neutrality Act of 1939 EXCEPT
it provided that henceforth the European democracies might buy American war materials, but only on a “cash-and-carry basis.”
it meant that they would have to transport the munitions in their own ships, after paying for them in cash.
it meant that America would thus avoid loans, war debts, and the torpedoing of American arms-carriers.
Congress thus tightened former restrictions in response to interventionist cries; it added others in response to isolationist fears.

15. Answer
All of the following were true of the Neutrality Act of 1939 EXCEPT
it provided that henceforth the European democracies might buy American war materials, but only on a “cash-and-carry basis.”
it meant that they would have to transport the munitions in their own ships, after paying for them in cash.
it meant that America would thus avoid loans, war debts, and the torpedoing of American arms-carriers.
Congress thus tightened former restrictions in response to interventionist cries; it added others in response to isolationist fears. (correct)
Hint: See page 861.

16. Question
All of the following were true of the Lend-Lease Bill EXCEPT it
was entitled “An Act Further to Promote the Defense of the United States.”
was sprung on the country right before the election of 1940.
was praised by the administration as a device that would keep the nation out of the war rather than drag it in.
would send a limitless supply of arms to the victims of aggression, who in turn would finish the job and keep the war on their side of the Atlantic.

17. Answer All of the following were true of the Lend-Lease Bill EXCEPT it
was entitled “An Act Further to Promote the Defense of the United States.”
was sprung on the country right before the election of (correct)
was praised by the administration as a device that would keep the nation out of the war rather than drag it in.
would send a limitless supply of arms to the victims of aggression, who in turn would finish the job and keep the war on their side of the Atlantic.
Hint: See page 868.

18. Question All of the following were true of the Atlantic Charter EXCEPT
it was formally accepted by Roosevelt and Churchill, but rejected by the Soviet Union later that year.
suggestive of Wilson’s Fourteen Points, the new covenant outlined the aspirations of the democracies for a better world at war’s end.
the Atlantic Charter laid the groundwork for later advocacy on behalf of universal human rights.
it promised that there would be no territorial changes contrary to the wishes of the inhabitants (self-determination).

19. Answer All of the following were true of the Atlantic Charter EXCEPT
it was formally accepted by Roosevelt and Churchill, but rejected by the Soviet Union later that year. (correct)
suggestive of Wilson’s Fourteen Points, the new covenant outlined the aspirations of the democracies for a better world at war’s end.
the Atlantic Charter laid the groundwork for later advocacy on behalf of universal human rights.
it promised that there would be no territorial changes contrary to the wishes of the inhabitants (self-determination).
Hint: See page 870.

20. Question
All of the following factors contributed to Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor EXCEPT
Japan was still mired down in the costly and exhausting “China incident,” from which it could extract neither honor nor victory.
its war machine was fatally dependent on immense shipments of steel, scrap iron, oil, and aviation gasoline from the United States.
Roosevelt continually promoted an embargo, hoping to goad Tokyo into a descent upon the oil-rich but defense-poor Dutch East Indies.
FDR imposed the first of its embargoes on Japan-bound supplies, ceased all shipments of gasoline, and froze Japanese assets.

21. Answer
All of the following factors contributed to Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor EXCEPT
Japan was still mired down in the costly and exhausting “China incident,” from which it could extract neither honor nor victory.
its war machine was fatally dependent on immense shipments of steel, scrap iron, oil, and aviation gasoline from the United States.
Roosevelt continually promoted an embargo, hoping to goad Tokyo into a descent upon the oil-rich but defense-poor Dutch East Indies. (correct)
FDR imposed the first of its embargoes on Japan-bound supplies, ceased all shipments of gasoline, and froze Japanese assets.
Hint: See page 871.