1. COVALENT COMPOUNDS BONDS BETWEEN NONMETALS

2. COVALENT COMPOUNDS What does the prefix “co” mean? - together - shared - with - jointly

3. COVALENT COMPOUNDS What is a covalent compound? - a compound made up of two or more nonmetals that are bonded together - the electrons are shared instead of transferred - the have NO charges

4. WHAT IS DIFFERENT BETWEEN IONIC AND COVALENT BONDS? IONIC Electrons are transferred from one element to the other Occurs between a metal and a nonmetal (cation and an anion) COVALENT Electrons are shared not transferred Occurs between two nonmetals

5. WHY DO NONMETALS SHARE ELECTRONS? Due to electronegativity  Metals have very low electronegativity  They do not want other atoms electrons  Allow their electrons to be taken  Nonmetals have very high electronegativity  They want other atoms electrons to complete their octet  Take other atoms electrons

6. CAN YOU TELL THE DIFFERENCE? H 2 ONaCl Na 2 SO 4 SCl 2 MnBr 4 CCl 4 CO 2 LiOH N 2 OSr(NO 2 ) 2 Al(NO 3 ) 3 BrCl 5 KClGaN P 2 O 3 SO 2 Cs 3 As 2

7. COVALENT COMPOUNDS: There are no charges to cancel out, therefore, compounds can be made up of the same elements but can have completely different ratios: Examples: CONOSO CO 2 N 2 OSO 2 CO 3 S 2 O 3 We CANNOT drop and swap when writing covalent compounds

8. NAMING COVALENT COMPOUNDS: USE PREFIXES

9. RULES FOR NAMING COVALENT COMPOUNDS: 1.NEVER simplify these compounds  Example: N 2 O 4 NOT NO 2 2.For the 1 st element: ONLY use a prefix if there is more than one  NO 2 (Nitrogen does not need a prefix for this name)  N 2 O (Nitrogen does need a prefix 3.For the 2 nd element: ALWAYS use a prefix 4.For the 2 nd element: Change the ending to “-ide”

10. NAMING THE COMPOUND: C 2 O 6 1.The first element you simply name and add the proper prefix if needed 2.The second element you name with the proper prefix AND change the ending to “-ide” Dicarbon Hexaoxide

11. NAMING THE COMPOUND: SCL 4 1.The first element you simply name and add the proper prefix if needed 2.The second element you name with the proper prefix AND change the ending to “-ide” Sulfur tetrachloride

12. LET’S PRACTICE: CompoundPrefix for the first element Name of the first element Prefix for the second element Name of the second element Name of the compound P4S5P4S5 TetraPhosphorousPentaSulfideTetraphosphourous pentasulfide SeF 6 Si 2 Br 6 CH 4 NF 3

13. RULES FOR WRITING COMPOUNDS: 1.The prefix of the first element becomes the subscript of the FIRST element (DO NOT DROP AND SWAP)  No Prefix is equal to one (DO NOT WRITE THE ONES) 2.The prefix of the second element becomes the subscript of the SECOND element (DO NOT DROP AND SWAP)

14. LET’S PRACTICE: Compound Name: 1 st Element Symbol 1 st Element Prefix Number: 2 nd Element Symbol 2 nd Element Prefix Number: Compound Formula: Antimony Tribromide Sb1Br3SbBr 3 Hexaboron Monosilicide Chlorine dioxide Dihydrogen monoxide Dicarbon hexahydride Iodine pentafluoride Phosphorous triiodide