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CHEMICAL BONDS How atoms combine to form different bonds How to predict what type of bond will form.

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Presentation on theme: "CHEMICAL BONDS How atoms combine to form different bonds How to predict what type of bond will form."— Presentation transcript:

1 CHEMICAL BONDS How atoms combine to form different bonds How to predict what type of bond will form

2 TYPES OF BONDS Electrons are what cause atoms to “bond.” Two main types of bonding IONIC bonding: atoms transfer electrons COVALENT bonding: atoms share electrons

3 IONIC BONDS Held by +/- attraction Form ions (e- transfer) & conduct electricity OPPOSITE sides of Periodic Table non-metal + metal

4 IONIC BONDING PRACTICE: draw the formation of sodium chloride Step 1: Na + Cl  Na + Cl Step 2: draw dots around the reactants Step 3: draw dots and charges around the products sodium gives e leaving it with a full valence orbital chlorine gains e- leaving it with a full valence orbital

5 PREDICTING IONIC BONDING Opposite sides of PT (i.e. metal + non-metal) Opposite sides of PT (i.e. metal + non-metal) Big difference in Electronegativity (≥ 1.8) Big difference in Electronegativity (≥ 1.8)

6 NAMING IONIC COMPOUNDS 1.Name of 1 st element (metal) 2.Root of 2 nd element (nonmetal) 3.Root + “-ide” LiF lithium + fluorine  lithium fluoride MgO magnesium + oxygen  magnesium oxide

7 COVALENT BONDS Held by sharing electrons (co=togethervalent=valence e-) Does NOT conduct electricity Usually same side of PT non-metal + non-metal or metal + metal Special type of covalent is metal to metal = metallic bond

8 COVALENT BONDING

9 PREDICTING COVALENT BONDING Same sides of PT (non-metal + non-metal) Same sides of PT (non-metal + non-metal) Small difference in Electronegativity (< 1.8) Small difference in Electronegativity (< 1.8)

10 NAMING COVALENT COMPOUNDS 1. Same as ionic (add –ide) 2. Add prefixes:  First Word 1 = (understood) 1 = (understood) 2 = di 2 = di 3 = tri 3 = tri 4 = tetra 4 = tetra 5 = penta 5 = penta 6 = hexa 6 = hexa  Second Word 1 = mono 1 = mono 2 = di 2 = di 3 = tri 3 = tri 4 = tetra 4 = tetra 5 = penta 5 = penta 6 = hexa 6 = hexa

11 PRACTICE NAMING CO Carbon monoxide CO 2 Carbon dioxide SO 2 sulfur dioxide CCl 4 Carbon tetrachloride H2OH2OH2OH2O Dihydrogen monoxide Si 5 P 4 Pentasilicon tetraphosphide

12 PREDICTING BONDS USING PT & ELECTRONEGATIVITY How can you tell if a bond is ionic or covalent? Opposite or same sides of PT (covalent = SAME) ELECTRONEGATIVITY! (the ability to attract e-) Electronegativity difference ≥ 1.8 = IONIC < 1.8 = COVALENT IONIC BOND COVALENT BOND

13 Bonding practice: NaCl 0.93.0 3.0 -.9 2.1 >1.8? Yes! IONIC NaCl metalnon-metal Opposite sides? Yes!IONIC

14 Bonding practice: C Clnon-metal Opposite side? No!COVALENT CCl 2.53.0 3.0 -2.5 0.5 >1.8? No!COVALENT


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