1. Social & Cultural Changes, 1820-1860 Quick Chapter 9 Review 27 October 2010

2. What social classes were created by the economic revolution?

3. Business elite Business elite –Richest 1 percent of pop. owned 40% of property and even more stocks and bonds –Cities as segregated communities Middle class Middle class –Self-made man –Conspicuous consumption –Per capita income rose 2.5% per year btwn 1830 and 1857

4. Urban workers and the poor Urban workers and the poor –Dependent on upper classes for work –Manual or skilled labor –Artisan republican ideology –Unions and strikes –Disease, slums, alcoholism, crime, fighting, unemployment, lack of social services

5. Benevolent Empire—What were the main goals?

6. Conservative social reform Conservative social reform Moral discipline against vice Moral discipline against vice Temperance movement = most effective (American Temperance Society) Temperance movement = most effective (American Temperance Society) Sabbath movement Sabbath movement Poverty, adultery, prostitution Poverty, adultery, prostitution

7. Charles Grandison Finney Revivalism and reform Revivalism and reform “God has made man a moral free agent” who can choose salvation (rejection of Calvinism) “God has made man a moral free agent” who can choose salvation (rejection of Calvinism) Why appealing? Why appealing? Relation to new class divisions? Relation to new class divisions? Relation to Benevolent Empire? Relation to Benevolent Empire? Relation to immigration? Relation to immigration?