1. The Solar System
Chapter 12 Section 1
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2. Ideas About the Solar System
Earth-Centered Model: Thought the ___________, Sun, ___________, and Stars were in separate _____________ that rotated around the ________.
Sun-Centered Model: ________________ stated ___________ revolved around ___________ and Earth moved around the _____________.
Galileo: observed ______________ going through _____________ like the Moon and proved it was _______________ around the __________.
Modern View: ____ planets, Sun is ___.___% of the _____________ in Solar System so __________________ is ____________ and holds all objects in their _______________.

3. How Solar System Formed
__.__ billion years ago was a ____________ of gas, _________, and ___________
____________ fragment contracted into a __________, tightly packed, ______________ disk
Disk _____________ so hot and ___________ and created the __________ from nuclear ________________ (___ atoms started to ___________ and release _______________)
Rest of material _______________ enough to ______________ into scattered _______________
Clumps ______________ and ______________ to form 8 _________________

4. Motions of Planets
Johannes ________________: studied ______________ of planets
________________ orbits: _________ shaped
_________ is not directly in _____________ of the orbits
Found _____________ travel at different _______________
Planets ____________ to sun travel __________________

5. Questions What is the Sun-Centered Model?
What is the Earth-Centered Model?
Who proved planets orbited around the Sun?
Why does the Sun hold all objects in the Solar System?
In a paragraph, write about how the Solar System formed. Must be at least 5 or more sentences.
Who studied the orbits of the planets?
Why do planets travel at different speeds?

6. The Inner Planets
Chapter 12 Section 2
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7. Mercury ___________ planet to sun, ___nd smallest
Mariner 10 – found looks just like the Earth’s _________, many ____________ and cliffs
Mercury may have _________ due to weak magnetic ___________
__________ core
No ______________
Temperatures: ______°C day and -______°C night
No __________

8. Venus Similar to __________ in size and mass ____nd from the sun
Thick atmosphere of ____________ dioxide
Droplets of __________ acid give clouds yellowish color
__________, fault like cracks, and _____________
__________________ effect – sunlight gives off heat in atmosphere and absorbed by carbon dioxide
Temperatures: ______°C to _______°C
No ___________

9. Earth Atmosphere ____________ life ____rd from the sun
Temperatures allow water to be __________, ____________, and _________
Only planet with known _________
One large moon - __________

10. Mars ____th from the sun Reddish-yellow from ________ oxide in _______
Polar _______ caps
Channels show __________ once flowed
Large volcanoes and valleys – __________ Mons
Thin atmosphere – carbon _____________
Temperatures: -_______°C to _____°C
Huge __________ storms
________ small, irregular shaped moons – _____________ and ___________

11. Questions
What is the order of the inner planets from closest to farthest from the sun?
Why do you think Mercury’s temperature changes so much from night to day?
What causes the yellowish clouds to form on Venus?
What is the greenhouse effect?
Which planet is the only to have known life exist?
What is the Earth’s moon called?
Why is Mars a reddish-yellow color?
Which planet has the largest volcano? What is it called?

12. Jupiter _________ planet from the sun __________ planet
Voyager revealed Jupiter has faint dust ________
Made of mostly __________ and helium, with some ammonia, methane, and water _________
Middle of Jupiter, atmosphere is ________ hydrogen and helium and below a rocky _______
Colorful clouds of white, ______, tan, and _______
Great _____ Spot – continuous ________ of swirling, high-pressure ______ Moons (satellites) – at least _______ orbit Jupiter

13. Jupiter’s Moons
_____ – most volcanically active _________ in solar system, ___________ gives it a reddish, orange color, thin atmosphere of sulfur dioxide
_________ – rocky interior with ___km thick crust of ice, many cracks, ____km deep ocean may exist under the ice, thin ___________ atmosphere
___________– heavily _________ covered with icy grooves, rocky interior surrounding _________ iron core, thin oxygen ____________
_____________ – heavily cratered with mix of ______ and rock, rocky ________, thin atmosphere of ____________ dioxide

14. Saturn __________ planet from sun
Second largest planet, but lowest density and _______________
Thick outer atmosphere of hydrogen and helium with ammonia, ____________, and water vapor, deeper in atmosphere becomes a liquid and then below a small, ____________ core
Rings – the large ring has thousands of thin ringlets made of _______ and ________ particles that vary in size
Moons (satellites) - at least ______ orbit Saturn, __________ holds them in the orbit
_________ – largest moon, larger than __________, thick atmosphere of nitrogen, argon, and methane

15. Uranus __________ planet from the sun Large and gaseous, ______ moons
_______ thin, dark rings at equator
Largest moon, ___________, heavily cratered, deep valleys
______________ – hydrogen, helium, and methane
_______________ gives planet __________-green color because absorbs red and yellow light and clouds reflect green and blue
Few cloud bands and _____________ visible
Made of _______ and ___________
Uranus’ axis of rotation is ___________ on its side

16. Neptune ______th planet from sun Large, gas planet with _________
Sometimes farther from sun than ________
______________ atmosphere gives blue-green color
Dark colored ___________ in atmosphere
At least ______ moons
Rocky __________
Made of rock and various _________
Thin atmosphere of ____________

17. Dwarf Planets
___________ – located in asteroid belt, orbits the sun every 4.6 years, 940 km diameter
__________ – 2300 km diameter, 248 years to orbit sun, solid icy-rock surface, three moons
____________ – 2,400 km diameter, 557 years to orbit sun, one moon

18. What is a planet? Orbits around the __________
Has enough _________ for its gravity to overcome forces so that it keeps its _____________ shape
Has cleared the ________________ around its orbit

19. Questions What is the Great Red Spot on Jupiter?
What are the four largest moons of Jupiter?
What are Saturn’s rings made of?
What is Saturn’s largest moon? Describe it.
Why does Uranus have a bluish-green color?
Why is Uranus different from other planets?
What gives Neptune its blue-green color?
What are the dwarf planets?
What are the three criteria for an object to be a planet?