1. Classical Greece 2000 B.C. -300 B.C.
Chapter 5

2. The Early Greek World

3. Minoan Civilization Island of Crete. Trade routes with the Egyptians.
Palace at Knossos
Fancy plumbing

5. Bull Leaping
This was a common ritual used as a rite of passage to manhood. One person would distract the bull while the other did acrobatic feats over his back.

6. Minoans as traders Became seafaring people
Traded with Egypt, Syria, Sicily, and Spain
Problems with trading?

7. Mycenaean Civilization
Mainland of Greece
Established by invaders from the north.
Borrowed from Minoans
After the downfall of the Minoans, Mycenae became the commercial center.
Militaristic

8. Trouble with Troy
Rivals with the Mycenae in the area of trade made the two bitter enemies.
The Trojan Paris kidnapped the beautiful Helen of Sparta. Helen was the wife of the king.
After ten years of battles, Troy fell in conquest and the long war was recorded by Homer.
Did this war really happen?

9. The Trojan War
According to ancient Greek legend, the Trojan War began when a Trojan prince named Paris abducted Helen, the wife of a Spartan king. The Greeks set sail for Troy when Paris refused to release her. The war lasted for ten years before the Greeks came up with an ingenious plan to capture Troy. They built a huge wooden horse as a “peace offering”, fully armed Greek soldiers hid within the belly of the horse. Once they were in place, the remaining Greeks closed the trap door and rolled the huge horse up to the city walls. The then withdrew in their ships to a place out of sight of Troy to await darkness, when they would return to the city. The Trojans celebrated getting extremely drunk and careless. The Greeks inside the horse waited until everyone was drunk and took over the city burning it.

10. Trojan Horse

11. The Greek Dark Ages Around 1200 BC, Mycenaean civilization collapsed.
The Dorians moved into the countryside.
No writing
1150 to 750 BC
Unknown history for the most part.
How do we know anything?

12. Greek Mythology Zeus overthrew his father to rule.
He was believed to be the lord of the sky, the rain god.
Married to Hera
Punished anyone who lied to him or failed to keep their oaths.

13. Poseidon Brother of Zeus
He was lord of the sea according to Greek mythology
Married Amphitrite
His weapon was the trident which can shake the earth and shatter any object.

14. Hades
Brother of Zeus
He got the worst draw and became the lord of the underworld ruling over the dead.
He is also the god of wealth due to the precious metals in the earth.
His wife is Persephone

15. Hera Wife and sister of Zeus
She is the Goddess of the Hearth, the symbol of the house around which a new born child is carried before it is received into the family.

16. Children Ares: disliked by both parents. god of War
Athena: sprang fully grown from her father’s forehead. goddess of the city and agriculture.
Apollo: god of music
Aphrodite: goddess of love, desire and beauty.
Hermes: Zeus’ messenger
Artemis: goddess of wild things
Hephaestus: only god that was physically ugly and lame. God of fire and forge.

17. Section 2
Warring City-States

18. Greek City-States Role of the City-State
Polis or city-state was the basic political unit.
Relatively small

19. Government of the City-States
Basic forms of Government
Monarchy: rule by one
Aristocracy: rule by small group of nobles
Oligarchy: rule of a few
Democracy: rule of the people
Tyranny: dissatisfaction and unrest of the lower classes led to this.

20. Sparta Located in southern part of Greece
Dorians captured the locals and made them slaves or helots.
The Spartans created a militaristic state.

21. Spartans Controlled the lives of citizens
Boys moved to army barracks from ages 7-20.

22. Spartans Girls went through similar training.
Women sent their husbands and sons off to war with a motto, “Return with your shield or on them.”

23. Babies Unhealthy babies were left to die on hillsides near the ocean.
What does this tell you about Spartan culture?

24. Athens
Nurtured creativity, commercial endeavors, democracy and individualism.
Ruled by a king during the Homeric Age.
Under the leadership of Solon, Athens moved towards democracy.

25. The Fateful Century The Persian Wars
Persia’s western expansion threatened Greek independence.
Greeks did not and could not tolerate losing their freedom.
The Greek colonies joined together and rebelled and overthrew the Persian rule.
Battle of Marathon

26. Phalanx

27. Battle of Thermopylae
After Greek victory at Marathon, Darius II (leader of Persia) was furious and organized an invasion.
He died before the invasion but his son carried it out.

28. A force of 7000 Greeks faced 200,000 Persians.
A Greek traitor gave the Persians an advantage and the Greeks were forced to retreat…all but three hundred Spartans.

29. Theaters were built outside, usually along the slope of a hillside
Theaters were built outside, usually along the slope of a hillside. All of the actors were men - they even played the female roles! Each actor played several parts in the play by wearing a different mask for each part.
Women's lives were closely tied to the home. They learned spinning, weaving, and other skills that would be useful in running the household. Women didn't participate in politics or public life. Serving as a priestess in one of the temples was one of the only public duties that a woman might perform. Their lives were quite secluded.

30. Children played games in their free time just like they do today
Children played games in their free time just like they do today. Lots of toys have been discovered, and they aren't that different than modern toys.
This baby rattle is made of clay.

31. Strigil
Greek athletes oiled and then lightly dusted their bodies. After exercising, they would scrape off the oil, dust, and sweat with a strigil. This process protected the body against the sun and served as an effective means of cleaning in a land with limited water supplies.