1. A newly established Science Shop in Ankara: Sharing experiences Evelyn S. Schaafsma (Pharm D) Director Science Shop for Medicines University of Groningen, The Netherlands e.s.schaafsma@rug.nl

2. Turkey-Netherlands

3. Outline Science Shops: what is it??! Science Shop University of Groningen Science Shop for Medicines Examples of projects

4. Science Shop www.livingknowledge.org General concept

5. A Science Shop (is a unit that) provides © Henk Mulder concerns experienced by civil society. in response to

6. SCIENTIFICCULTURAL SOCIO-POLITICAL POLICY- MAKERS FUNDERS HOSTSSUPPLYDEMAND STAFF © Henk Mulder actors & factors Science shop Where ?

8. Wageningen Maastricht © Henk Mulder Rotterdam Utrecht University of Utrecht (7x) Erasmus University Rotterdam University of Maastricht University of Tilburg Tilburg Eindhoven Technical University of Eindhoven (8x) University of Groningen (9x) Groningen Technical University of Twente Twente Wageningen Agricultural University Dutch Science Shops

9. From the 70’s to the 00’s 70’s: Netherlands, (USA) 80’s: Australia, Denmark, England, Northern Ireland, Germany, Austria, France, Belgium 90’s: Israel, Canada, Spain, Romania, Norway, Malaysia, South Korea, Czechoslovakia, South Africa, New Zealand, 00’s: Belgium (renewed), France (renewed), South Korea (renewed), Portugal 2005 initiatives: Greece, Estonia, Latvia, Iceland, Japan, Wales, Scotland, Ireland, Turkey Science Shop - Wetenschapswinkel - Boutique de Science - Videnskabsbutiken - Wissenschaftsladen - Bazar de las Ciencias

10. SCIENTIFICCULTURAL SOCIO-POLITICAL POLICY- MAKERS FUNDERS HOSTSSUPPLYDEMAND STAFF © Henk Mulder actors & factors Science shop What Host- institutes ?

11. © Henk Mulder Organisation Forms  NGO Separate entity University links  Community-University Research Alliances  University Central Office Faculty Office

12. SCIENTIFICCULTURAL SOCIO-POLITICAL POLICY- MAKERS FUNDERS HOSTSSUPPLYDEMAND STAFF © Henk Mulder actors & factors Science shop What clients ?

13. Criteria 1. Not commercial. Public results. 2. Able to use results 3. No (full) financial means © Henk Mulder

14. Community/voluntary groups Environmental NGOs Local/regional authorities Schools/pupils Patient groups Labour unions Religious groups Individuals (sometimes conditional) Other: student organisations, museums, police, parliamentarians/political parties Some: other research institutes, SMEs, larger firms/industry © Henk Mulder Clients of Science Shops Demand

15. SCIENTIFICCULTURAL SOCIO-POLITICAL POLICY- MAKERS FUNDERS HOSTSSUPPLYDEMAND STAFF © Henk Mulder actors & factors Science shop What research capacity provided ?

16. © Henk Mulder Supply

17. SCIENTIFICCULTURAL SOCIO-POLITICAL POLICY- MAKERS FUNDERS HOSTSSUPPLYDEMAND STAFF © Henk Mulder actors & factors Science shop What do they do for a living ?

18. © Henk Mulder Mediation Tasks 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Find a student or researcher Receive/solicit clients and (new) questions Map the problem (articulation) Preliminary research: Refer, Refuse, Advice or Formulate (scientific) research question (Incl. funds if required) Find a (co-) supervisor Evaluation Maintain communication and process Facilitate useable presentation/publication of results Help client implement results and formulate follow up actions Make inventory of follow-up research/themes

19. Wetenschapswinkels Science Shops Wetenschapswinkels Experiences > 25 years at University of Groningen The Netherlands

20. © Henk Mulder Pharmaceutics University of Groningen Science Shops Biology Chemistry Economic Sciences and Business Management Education & Youth Studies History Languages & Communication Medicine and Public Health Physics Photo: http://www.xray.chem.rug.nl/thomas/

21. University of Groningen Network Nine Science Shops (14 staff, 8.2 fte) Funded 60/40 by University Board and Departments* 6-weekly meetings of coordinators Policy, PR, bilateral projects Joint activities – Newsmagazine, website – Seminars, Conferences – Societal Assessment of Faculties – Obtaining questions through newspaper Paid Board (0.4 fte + Secretariat 0.2 fte) Front of the main building of the University of Groningen © Henk Mulder TIMCED Intermediu Ploiesti p Photo: TIMCED Intermediu Ploiesti

22. Financing from Board of University Regional image Political/social awareness of students Financing from Faculty / Department Practical education Research Themes PR University of Groningen Part of “Third Mission”: Knowledge Transfer

23. Science Shop for Medicines School of Pharmacy Groningen University Institute for Drug Research

24. Science Shop for Medicines Science Shops for Health Clients & questions and output Detecting unexplored research areas Pro-active approach: themes –Children –Etnic minorities Ramadan and medication

25. Benefits Patient or consumer organizations: Independent research of good quality at low price Students: Apply theory to practice in “own” project University: Detecting unexplored research areas

26. Who came to the Science Shop and what did they ask?

27. Safe use of drugs has always been an import topic

28. Examples Adverse effects of Melatonin in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (2002)? DES hormone used in girls to stop growing? (2000) Safe use of breastfeeding suppressants (bromocriptine ea): Report and brochure (1998) Hypothyroid patients complaining about Thyranon change towards Thyrax (1992)

29. Melatonin: experiences of users Client: patient group with CFS Problem: bad experiences with Melatonin (unlicenced drug, food supplement) Research question: Experiences (good and bad) with Melatonin, lit. review + questionnaires Done by Master student (3 months full time) and science shop coordinator (3/4 year parttime) Involved expertise: Dep. pharmaceutical chemistry, hospital doctor and nurse, Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre

30. Other themes Effectiveness of medication: –Alternative medicines: herbs, food supplements –New drugs: biotech Drug Information for lay public –70’s: no info enough -> help find (new contraceptives Implanon etc) –Now: to much info -> find trustworthy info and summarize in understandable language

31. Detecting unexplored research areas: Third World Several student projects on production of drugs in third world  Resulting in a PhD project on production and storage of tablets

32. Detecting unexplored research areas: Pregnancy Student projects (80s)  PhD project (90s)  Major research area in Social Pharmacy department (today)

33. Pro-active approach: themes Questions within society not via patient group or other NGO, because they are (hardly) represented: Children Ethnic minorities

34. Children Health education to children about their drugs: a survey among patient organisations. What kind of health education do you think should be adressed regarding drugs and children? Slection of questions -> one example chosen for brochure

35. Ethnic minorities 10% of Dutch population non-native background Cultural diversity in health care should be addressed Interdisciplinary approach: intercultural communication involved

36. Examples Drug information for refugees Drug information for deaf patients Ramadan and medication use

37. Deaf patients Ethnic minority?? No, but: Sign language is first language and dutch grammar differs => need for visual leaflet DEAFMED: EU project in collaboration with Dr Yegenoglu (Hacettepe) Dr Visser (Intercul. Comm.)

38. Ramazan and medication use

39. Ramadan and medication use Why bother?? Fasting and medication: suboptimal pharmacotherapy or adverse effects Seen by health care workers in deprived areas (first generation immigrants) Almost 1.000.000 moslims in NL Next years: fasting time a day will increase up to 18 hours (Dutch summer)

40. Ramadan and medication use Several projects: –Literature review –Pharmaceutical Care project –Comparative study Turkey-Netherlands

41. Pharmaceutical Care Project Aims to guide muslim patients, their families, and their caregivers in rational medication use during ramadan, adapted to their religion

42. Pharmaceutical Care Project: Multiple Intervention Individual counseling for muslim patients in pharmacies, in collaboration with prescribers –Invited before ramadan: diabetes –During ramadan Educational meeting with –pharmacy team –GP’s –invited patients “cultural mediators”

43. Pharmaceutical Care Project: Results of Pilot Estimate: 70% of pharmacy visitors insisted to fast, despite medical condition 86% (2005), 65% (2004) of fasting patients were categorized as “at risk”

44. Pharmaceutical Care Project: Results of Pilot (continued) Outcome of counselling: 60% changed prescription 92% changed use Few referrals Patient interviews

45. Pharmaceutical Care Project: Results of Pilot (continued) Patient interviews Fast majority of patients think the counselling of pharmacy is important and useful 50% also received info from other sources (incl. informal) Both pharmacy and doctor’s advice are appreciated Religious leaders are hardly consulted for advice

46. Comparative study: Turkey- Netherlands What can we learn from each other in both countries? –Turkey: Selen Yegenoglu –Netherlands: Evelyn Schaafsma Interviews with health professionals, patients and patient organizations on their experiences and opinions on current practice about advice giving on ramadan and medication use EU project: good rating, but not selected

47. Thank you for your attention! Questions? e.s.schaafsma@rug.nl

48. Good luck on the Science Shop in Ankara!!