1. HGCA Ian Beecher-Jones Be Precise Facilitator Precision Agriculture – An overview

2. The uses of Precision Agriculture To help improve the profitability of the business To help improve timeliness and accuracy of operation To help improve the environmental impact of crop production

3. What does PF look like?

4. Joining it together

5. Investing in precision farming

6. How wide is this drill? The exact width

7. Investing in precision farming How much is it costing by not filling a full header?

8. Inaccuracy – how much is it costing?

9. Overlapping 6m drill on a 24m tramline Manual No guidance Effective drill width m 5.75 Effective tramlines m 23 Overlap % 4 25cm

10. 10cm 25cm Overlapping 6m drill on a 24m tramline Manual No guidance Medium SF2/HP 10cm +/- 5cm Effective drill width m 5.755.9 Effective tramlines m 2323.6 Overlap % 41.6

11. 10cm Overlapping 6m drill on a 24m tramline Manual No guidance Medium SF2/HP 10cm +/- 5cm RTK +/- 2cm Effective drill width m 5.755.95.98 Effective tramlines m 2323.623.92 Overlap % 41.60.33 2cm 25cm

12. In a field

13. Manual steering 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 5.75 per drill width – 300m/5.75m 13 tramlines 52 runs with the drill

14. Medium guidance – SF2 / Hp +/- 10cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 12.7 5.9 per drill width – 300m/5.9m 12.7 tramlines 51 runs with the drill

15. RTK guidance – +/- 2cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 12.5 5.98 per drill width – 300m/5.98m 12.5 tramlines 50 runs with the drill

16. Does it add up? Manual No guidance % overlap 4 Effective drill width (drill runs) 5.75 (52) Effective area drilled based on a 12.6ha field 13.1 Fuel (50ppl), Labour (£15/hr ) & machine value / field NA Figures from HGCA Research Review 71 – page 27

17. Does it add up? Manual No guidance Medium SF2/HP 10cm +/- 5cm % overlap 41.6 Effective drill width (drill runs) 5.75 (52) 5.9 (51) Effective area drilled based on a 12.6ha field 13.112.89 Fuel (50ppl), Labour (£15/hr ) & machine value / field NA£74.12 Figures from HGCA Research Review 71 – page 27

18. Does it add up? Manual No guidance Medium SF2/HP 10cm +/- 5cm High RTK 4cm +/- 2cm % overlap 41.60.33 Effective drill width (drill runs) 5.75 (52) 5.9 (51) 5.98 (50) Effective area drilled based on a 12.6ha field 13.112.8912.6 Fuel (50ppl), Labour (£15/hr ) & machine value / field NA£74.12£91.35 Figures from HGCA Research Review 71 – page 27

19. Manual No guidance % overlap4 Effective drill width5.75 Effective area drilled based on a 12.6ha field 13.1 Seed costs @£54/ha£707.4 Fertilizer costs NPK £252/ha nutrition cost £3,301.2 Total cost£4008.6 Variable cost savings for field Figures from HGCA Research Review 71 – page 27 Does it add up?

20. Manual No guidance Medium SF2/HP 10cm +/- 5cm % overlap41.6 Effective drill width5.755.9 Effective area drilled based on a 12.6ha field 13.112.89 Seed costs @£54/ha£707.4£696.06 Fertilizer costs NPK £252/ha nutrition cost £3,301.2£3,248.28 Total cost£4008.6£3,944.34 Variable cost savings for field £64.26 Figures from HGCA Research Review 71 – page 27 Does it add up?

21. Manual No guidance Medium SF2/HP 10cm +/- 5cm High RTK 4cm +/- 2cm % overlap41.60.33 Effective drill width5.755.95.98 Effective area drilled based on a 12.6ha field 13.112.8912.6 Seed costs @£54/ha£707.4£696.06£680.4 Fertilizer costs NPK £252/ha nutrition cost £3,301.2£3,248.28£3175.2 Total cost£4008.6£3,944.34£3855.6 Variable cost savings for field £64.26£153 Figures from HGCA Research Review 71 – page 27 Does it add up?

22. Manual No guidance Medium SF2/HP 10cm +/- 5cm Fuel (50ppl), Labour (£15/hr ) & machine value / field NA£74.12 Variable cost savings £64.26 Total for the 12.6ha field £138.38 Figures from HGCA Research Review 71 – page 27

23. Does it add up? Manual No guidance Medium SF2/HP 10cm +/- 5cm High RTK 4cm +/- 2cm Fuel (50ppl), Labour (£15/hr ) & machine value / field NA£74.12£91.35 Variable cost savings £64.26£153 Total for the 12.6ha field £138.38£244.35 Figures from HGCA Research Review 71 – page 27

24. Does it add up? Manual No guidance Medium SF2/HP 10cm +/- 5cm Fuel (50ppl), Labour (£15/hr ) & machine value / field NA£74.12 Variable cost savings £64.26 Total for the 12.6ha field £138.38 Across a 500ha farm £5491.51 Figures from HGCA Research Review 71 – page 27

25. Does it add up? Manual No guidance Medium SF2/HP 10cm +/- 5cm High RTK 4cm +/- 2cm Fuel (50ppl), Labour (£15/hr ) & machine value / field NA£74.12£91.35 Variable cost savings £64.26£153 Total for the 12.6ha field £138.38£244.35 Across a 500ha farm £5491.51£9696.43 Figures from HGCA Research Review 71 – page 27

26. | Background to GPS/DGPS GPS GLONASS Galileo GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) USA 24 Satellite Constellation Russia 24 Satellite Constellation 2 Test Planned 22 Satellite Constellation 35 Satellite Constellation China

27. The way satellites work

28. Correction signals

29. Spray controller

30. Fertiliser spreader control

31. The operator is the key

32. Targeting Agronomy Define and Quantify RemoveReduceManage Mapping and Sensing Remedial / Compensatory Treatments Variable Rate Inputs

33. Google – a good place to start

34. Yield mapping Too much detail

35. Yield mapping Too little detail

36. Yield mapping About right 1 2 3

37. Soil texture map Increasing conductivity Electrical Conductivity Profile: 0-120 cm < 12 > 51

38. Soil texture map 1) = sandy loam over open clay subsoil 5) = med sandy clay loam over sandy clay 8) = heavy clay loam over clay 1 8 5

39. Establishment map 75 90 60

40. Seed rate map 165 135 110 Tramline direction

41. Traditional methods

42. Managing canopy variation Image of poor establishment & good establishment Same Field on the same day

43. Satellite sensing Satellite imageGAI mapApplication map

44. Tractor mounted sensing

45. Canopy management HGCA: Auto N project

46. Managing nutrients

47. Replacing off takes Replacement map

48. Creating application map Yield / Offtake map + P Nutrient = ? Application map

49. Soil zoning

50. Cost:benefit

51. When to collect information Weed mapping Nutrient mapping Canopy mapping Yield mapping Nutrient mapping EC mapping Weed mapping EC mapping

52. Do you measure up?

53. Cost:Benefit tool www.hgca.com/beprecise

54. HGCA Thank you www.hgca.com/beprecise