1. Thorsten Brümmer Gas quality and interoperability Hannover, 23/04/2013

2. Gasunie – a european company NEL  15.100 km Gas grid- 3.200 in Germany  Transported volume 125 Mrd m³/a (D: 24 Mrd m³/a)  Connects the european pipeline systems of D, NL, N, B, DK, GB, RU  1.800 Employees, 250 in Germany  15.100 km Gas grid- 3.200 in Germany  Transported volume 125 Mrd m³/a (D: 24 Mrd m³/a)  Connects the european pipeline systems of D, NL, N, B, DK, GB, RU  1.800 Employees, 250 in Germany 2

3. Power to Gas activities  First participation of Gasunie Deutschland at „DENA Strategieplattform 2012/13 Power-to-Gas“ and participation at Workshop „Roadmap“ of “DENA Strategieplattform 2012/13” for the political establishment of P2G  Gasunie Deutschland is member in DVGW power to gas activities “Koordinierungsausschuss Cluster „Power to Gas”” for technical questions and guideline setting  Presence at various other P2G-Events (EDGaR, DBI)  First planning experiences in a P2G Project (grid connection, metering and compressor station)"

4. The influence of H2 on important gas parameters For burning value and the wobbe number high amounts of hydrogen are uncritical in the most cases The lower density line already gets passed at an amount of 3 Vol.-% H2 assuming russian H-Gas For the methane number concentrations under 10 % are uncritical Source: E.ON Ruhrgas AG, 2011

5. Source: DVGW, 2013

6. Pipelines (Steel) -Concentrations of 50 % H2 have no effects on crack growth -PIM is recommended for concentrations over 10 Vol.-% H2 -Further research with more materials is needed Pipelines (plastic material) -The permeation of H2 is related to safety aspects uncritical -H2 has no influence on the durability of the distribution network Gas-turbines -Right now manufacturers recommend just 1 – 3 Vol.-% -Laboratory tests were successful with concentrations to 9 Vol.-% Compressors -Because of the lower heating value (6 % less if 10 % H2 is blended), higher compressor power is needed if the same amount of energy should be delivered

7. Cavern storages -in the past gas with 55 Vol.-% H2 was stored - no problems occurred -further research is needed for special materials, components and cement -the H2 tolerance of every cavern should be examined separately Pore storages -experience shows problems regarding to the generation of H2S and corrosion in humid ambiance -further research is needed for the whole storage process -in the past the storage of H2 in pore storages was practiced

8. Gas metering equipment -diaphragm and turbine-wheel meters are uncritical till concentrations of 30 Vol.-% H2 -ultrasonic meters need to be adjusted -Long time stress tests have to be done and measuring inaccuracy has to be monitored Quantity transformers -Concentrations up to 10 Vol.-% are uncritical -Corrections are needed subsequent for higher concentrations than 10 Vol.-%

9. Gas-phase chromatograph -at higher concentrations than 0,2 Vol.-% H2 technical modification is needed -  new separation column or different carrier gas (Argon, not Helium) Pressure regulating and metering station -these stations are designed for high concentrations of H2 -experiences in handling of pressure regulating and metering stations with coke oven gas (up to 67 Vol.-% H2) Odorization -In the past odorization was used for gases with high H2 concentration -New odorants need to be analyzed -9-

10. Seals and connections -no problems with H2 known -tests for single parts are recommended House installations and valves -designed for gases with high amount of hydrogen (G260) -up to 50 Vol.-% H2 seems to be possible Gas flow detectors -applicable for different H2 concentrations -practical research needed for closing volume flow, secured length and leakage

11. Gas engines -up to 8 Vol.-% H2 possible without adjustment -even better efficiency and reduction of emissions -With adjustments up to 20 % are possible (compliance with methane number) -Stirling motors: malfunctions over 23 Vol.-% H2 Tanks - Critical value is 2 Vol.-% H2 (DIN 51624) - Influence of H2 on tanks is still under research

12. House appliances -Studies showed stable burning up to 20 Vol.-%, up to 40 Vol. -% at some new gas burners -Huge reduction of emissions like CO, CO2 and NOX -There can be old appliances that get problems with concentrations over 10 Vol.-% -Therefore further tests with more types under real conditions are currently running Industry -Fluctuating gas quality can be a problem – further research has to be done -For sensible appliances it can be necessary to build gas- phase chromatograph or oxygen measuring probes -Even the removal of hydrogen can be necessary

13. Fuel cells -Problems with fluctuating gas quality but not with high concentrations of H2 -Further research needed Combined heat and power stations -efficient operation with very low heating value or blended air possible (compliance with methane number) -just small influence on flames and NOX emissions up to concentrations of 15 Vol.-% -no problems in new stations up to 20 Vol.-% -13-

14. -14- Source: DVGW, 2013

15. Conclusion  In general, the gas infrastructure should stand H2- concentrations of 10 Vol.-%  Research relating to critical parts like storages, gas turbines, gas tanks and the industry is under progress –Result could be, that critical parts of the in infrastructure are not applicable for H2 - their modification can be expensive  The different gas qualities have to be checked with the international trading partners  Regulatory conditions and market models have to be created -15-

16. Thank you -16-