1. Overdose prevention and response Presentation 16

2. Causes of OD An overdose is a response of the body to the amount of drug introduced that is enough to disrupt life functions. Opioid overdose: results in potentially fatal respiratory depression Stimulant overdose: may result in agitation and/or psychiatric effects, which may be exacerbated by dehydration and sleep deprivation. In some instances, this may lead to cardiac arrest, stroke, or seizure. Presentation 16

3. Antidotes Opioid OD: Naloxone (Narcan, Naltrexon), an opioid antagonist, will block the effects of opioids, reversing an overdose. Stimulant OD – No antidotes. Presentation 16

4. Opioid OD symptoms Passing out unconscious Awake but unable to talk Slow breathing (less than 12 breaths per minute) Choking or gurgling sounds Limp body Pale, or “ashy” (e.g., among people with dark skin) complexion Cold, clammy skin Turning blue (especially lips and finger tips) Vomiting Slow heartbeat/puls Presentation 16

5. First aid in opiod OD Step 1: Assess Responsiveness & Breathing Step 2: Make sure the airway is clear Step 3 (4): Recovery Position Step 4 (3): Rescue Breathing Step 5: inject Naloxone Ambulance Presentation 16

6. Stimulant OD symptoms Foaming at mouth Very rapid heartbeat, pulse Elevated body temperature, sweating Quick, shallow breathing Shaking, seizures Passing out or suddenly collapsing Chest pain or feeling of pressure Heart attack or stroke Choking or gurgling sounds Throwing up Presentation 16

7. First aid in stimulant OD Call the ambulance Clean still WATER to drink (no other liquids) Keep awake Decrease body temperature: cold towel on forehead, armpits, under knees If the heart stops perform chest compression Presentation 16

8. Exercise Presentation 16

9. Exercise (1): work in groups Group 1: Long counseling on opioid OD prevention and response with demonstration. Group 2: 5 – 10 min counseling on OD prevention and response with some demonstration. Group 3: Long counseling on stimulant OD prevention and response with demonstration. Group 4: 5 – 10 min counseling on OD prevention and response with some demonstration. Presentation 16

10. Exercise (2): group demonstration Please demonstrate to the group: Group that worked on “Long counseling” (opioid) Group that worked on “Brief counseling” (stimulant) Presentation 16

11. Exercise (3): group demonstration Find a partner Stand face-to face After the command of a Trainer: (1) conduct a one minute training on opioid OD (2) Change roles (3) conduct a one minute training on opioid OD (4) Change roles Presentation 16