1. Unit IV 1820-1861 Part 2 Temperance, Women’s Rights, Abolition

2. The Temperance Movement 1784 Benjamin Rush published An Inquiry into the Effects of Spirituous Liquors on the Human Mind and Body 1784 Benjamin Rush published An Inquiry into the Effects of Spirituous Liquors on the Human Mind and Body 1826 The American Temperance Union: Sign the pledge, pamphlets, rallies 1826 The American Temperance Union: Sign the pledge, pamphlets, rallies An awareness of the correlation between drinking and crime An awareness of the correlation between drinking and crime 1850 The American Tract Society: opposed to the use of liquor on religious and moral grounds 1850 The American Tract Society: opposed to the use of liquor on religious and moral grounds

3. Temperance 1840 The Washingtonians: Founder: Gough Reformed alcoholics who tried to reclaim others whose lives were lost to alcoholism 1840 The Washingtonians: Founder: Gough Reformed alcoholics who tried to reclaim others whose lives were lost to alcoholism 1846 Maine was the first state to go dry 1846 Maine was the first state to go dry 12 others by 1855 12 others by 1855 Movement interrupted by the Civil War Movement interrupted by the Civil War

4. Women’s Rights 1820’s Susan B. Anthony: grandmother of the movement 1820’s Susan B. Anthony: grandmother of the movement Concerned about political rights Concerned about political rights Voted often and illegally in New Jersey Voted often and illegally in New Jersey The Seneca Falls Convention 1848: drew up the Declaration of Rights and Sentiments The Seneca Falls Convention 1848: drew up the Declaration of Rights and Sentiments Demanded full equality: voting, professions, education, legal rights…Mott and Stanton (leaders) Demanded full equality: voting, professions, education, legal rights…Mott and Stanton (leaders)

5. Abolition At most only 1/5 of the white families in the South were slave-owners At most only 1/5 of the white families in the South were slave-owners Those who did not own slaves still supported slavery Those who did not own slaves still supported slavery A very real fear of uprisings and a Black- dominated society A very real fear of uprisings and a Black- dominated society Fear intensified after Nat Turner’s Rebellion (VA) Fear intensified after Nat Turner’s Rebellion (VA)

6. Abolitionist Societies Vanished in the South Vanished in the South Abolitionist literature was banned in the South Abolitionist literature was banned in the South White education strictly monitored White education strictly monitored Southern literature continued to romanticize the institution and plantation society Southern literature continued to romanticize the institution and plantation society The Missouri Compromise The Missouri Compromise The Gag Rule in Congress The Gag Rule in Congress

7. Abolition The Quakers: belief that we are all equal in the eyes of God The Quakers: belief that we are all equal in the eyes of God Benjamin Lundy: The Genius of Universal Emancipation urged the use of persuasion to end slavery Benjamin Lundy: The Genius of Universal Emancipation urged the use of persuasion to end slavery Theodore Weld urged a step-by-step approach Theodore Weld urged a step-by-step approach

8. Abolition Many thought Compensated Emancipation was the way to go Many thought Compensated Emancipation was the way to go William Lloyd Garrison edited The Liberator William Lloyd Garrison edited The Liberator Urged immediate emancipation without compensation Urged immediate emancipation without compensation Urged violence if necessary Urged violence if necessary Burned a copy of the Constitution Burned a copy of the Constitution Called it an “agreement with Hell” Called it an “agreement with Hell”

9. Garrison 1831 organized the NE Anti-slavery Society 1831 organized the NE Anti-slavery Society 1833 The American Anti-slavery Society 1833 The American Anti-slavery Society “Let Southern oppressors tremble…” “Let Southern oppressors tremble…”

10. Frederick Douglass Former slave Former slave Edited The North Star Edited The North Star Met Lincoln Met Lincoln Lincoln believed he was an anomaly (exceptional) and not a real representation of the race Lincoln believed he was an anomaly (exceptional) and not a real representation of the race Douglass had 2 sons who died in the Civil War Douglass had 2 sons who died in the Civil War

11. Most believed Abolitionists were dangerous radicals After 1812 the internal slave trade increased due to a slave surplus in tobacco-growing areas and a constant demand in cotton-growing regions After 1812 the internal slave trade increased due to a slave surplus in tobacco-growing areas and a constant demand in cotton-growing regions By 1840 most Latin American countries and the British West Indies had abolished slavery By 1840 most Latin American countries and the British West Indies had abolished slavery The Underground Railroad…Harriet Tubman The Underground Railroad…Harriet Tubman

12. 1852 Uncle Tom’s Cabin Harriet Beecher Stowe Harriet Beecher Stowe Sold 300,000 in one year Sold 300,000 in one year Little literary merit Little literary merit BUT big impact BUT big impact Lincoln: “So this is the little lady who started the war” Lincoln: “So this is the little lady who started the war”

13. Wage Slavery Southern defense of slavery: Wage Slavery of the North Southern defense of slavery: Wage Slavery of the North True: Factory workers in the North did not eat as well, were not as adequately housed, clothed as most southern Slaves…even medical care better for slaves… True: Factory workers in the North did not eat as well, were not as adequately housed, clothed as most southern Slaves…even medical care better for slaves…

14. 1840 The Liberty Party Third Party stole popular votes from Whigs who were willing to compromise on the issue of slavery in the territories in spite of most claiming to be morally opposed to slavery Third Party stole popular votes from Whigs who were willing to compromise on the issue of slavery in the territories in spite of most claiming to be morally opposed to slavery

15. The Fugitive Slave Act 1793 Compelled all to assist in the capture and return of runaway slaves Compelled all to assist in the capture and return of runaway slaves Largely ignored in the North (inconvenient) Largely ignored in the North (inconvenient) Prigg v Pennsylvania 1842: The Court ruled that states did NOT have to enforce the FSA! Prigg v Pennsylvania 1842: The Court ruled that states did NOT have to enforce the FSA!